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physiolab > cardiovascular > Flashcards

cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiovascular system functions primarily to ____

A

Transport blood throughout the body.

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2
Q

Cardiovascular is composed of the (1) ___ and the network of (2) ____ , (3) _____ , (4) ______.

A
  1. Heart
  2. Arteries
  3. Veins
  4. Capillaries
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3
Q

What is the average blood volume of adult male?

A

5-6 liters

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4
Q

What is the average blood volume of adult female?

A

4-5 liters

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5
Q

What do blood carries to all of the living cells in the body?

A

Oxygen and essential nutrients

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6
Q

Blood also carries (1) _____ from the tissues to the system of the body through which they are eliminated.

A

Waste products

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7
Q

Most of the blood is made up of a (1) ____, (2) _____ called plasma.

A
  1. Watery
  2. Protein-laden fluid
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8
Q

The other solid elements of blood are called ____

A

Platelets

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9
Q

A little less than half of this blood volume is composed of (1) ___ and (2) ___ cells

A
  1. Red blood
  2. White blood
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10
Q

How does high blood pressure increases the workload of the heart?

A

By increasing the force with which the heart must pump to provide blood to the body.

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11
Q

High blood pressure is also a concern for?

A

Proper kidney functioning

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12
Q

Low blood pressure is a concern for maintaining?

A

Adequate blood pressure to the brain.

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13
Q

A decrease in pressure may lead to

A

Fainting or dizziness

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14
Q

Give at least 3 objectives for cardiovascular system activity

A
  1. Determine pulse rate
  2. Describe heart sounds
  3. Distinguish between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
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15
Q

Measurement of pulse rate

A

Beats per minute (bpm)

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16
Q

How to measure you pulse rate?

A

By locating regions of the body where the pulse can be palpated.

17
Q

Areas of pulse:

A

Radial artery
Carotid artery
Temporal artery
Facial artery
Brachial artery
Femoral artery
Posterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
Popliteal artery

18
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. Contraction (systole)
  2. Relaxation (diastole)
19
Q

What do contraction of the ventricles produce and its result?

A

A rise in intraventricular pressure, resulting in the vibration of the surrounding structures.

20
Q

What produces the first sound of the heart, usually verbalized as “lub” ?

A

The vibration of the atrioventricular valves

21
Q

What happens at the end of the contraction phase?

A

The blood in the aorta and pulmonary arteries pushes the one-way semilunar valves shut, and the resulting vibration of these structures produces the second sound of the heart, “dub”.

22
Q

When is the splitting of the heart sounds more evident?

A

During inhalation and during exhalation

23
Q

During inhalation, why does the first heart sound may split into two sounds?

A

Because the tricuspid and mitral valves close at different times.

24
Q

During exhalation, why does the second heart sound may split into two sounds?

A

Because the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close at different times.

25
Q

Abnormal splitting of the first and second sounds may due to:

A

Heart block, septal defects, aortic stenosis, hypertension

26
Q

Why is the accuracy of a blood pressure measurement important?

A

Because extremely low bp (hypotension) or extremely high bp (hypertension) are health risks.

27
Q

Blood pressure can be indirectly determined with a 1______ , which measures 2______

A
  1. Sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff)
  2. Pressure in millimeters of mercury rising in a glass column. (The greater the pressure the higher the rise of mercury)
28
Q

Blood pressure is not uniform throughout the body but is influenced by:

A

Gravity. Therefore, the pressure in the arteries of the head and neck are less than the blood pressure from the heart. The pressure in the arteries in the leg is greater than the blood pressure in the heart.

29
Q

Blood pressure is measured in the brachial artery, which is about the same level of the heart.

A

Therefore, is at the same approximate pressure.

physiolab (2 decks)

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