cardiovascular

Question 1

whats sa node for

Answer 1

is where depolarisation occurs heart’s natural pacemaker because it generates electrical impulses that initiate and regulate the heart’s rhythm.

Question 1

whats av node for

Answer 1

causes delay 100m/s

Question 2

elastic artery

Answer 2

large and near heart and havwe elastic walls that expand during systole and push blood out during diastole. Helps maintain bp

Question 3

muscular artery

Answer 3

transports blood from elastic arteries to organs at high pressure. Rate of blood flow is adjusted by using smooth muscle to vary the radius. flow is proportional to fourth power of radius

Question 4

arterioles

Answer 4

controls blood flow to capillaries. greatest pressure drop occurs. degree of contriction determines total peripheral resistance

Question 5

capillaries

Answer 5

allows exchange of gases, nutrients, wastes. no connective tissue or smooth muscle.

Question 6

venules

Answer 6

collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries and transport it to larger veins. during inflammation this is site where wbc leave to attack bacteria

Question 7

coronary arteries

Answer 7

arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle (myocardium)

Question 8

Where do inputs to CV centre come from

Answer 8

Higher brain centres (cerebral cortex), proprioceptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

Question 9

whats p wave

Answer 9

atrial depolarisation

Question 10

whats qrs complex

Answer 10

ventricular depolarisation

Question 11

whats t wave

Answer 11

ventricular depolarisation leading to contraction (ventricular systole)

Question 12

What’s preload

Answer 12

EDV or degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibres at end of relaxation (diastole)

Question 13

Increase in contractility (sympathetic) does what

Answer 13

Reduces ESV therefore increasing SV = EDV-ESV

Question 14

What’s intropy

Answer 14

Another way of saying contractility

Question 15

What happens to depolarisation at SA node for both systems

Answer 15

Sym- increase rate of depolarisation
para- decreases rate of depolarisation

Question 16

What’s angiotensin II

Answer 16

Hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict to increase bp

Question 17

What’s frank starlings law

Answer 17

More in more out

Question 18

What is increase of preload

Answer 18

Increase in forcefullness of contraction which increases stroke volume. This increases CO

Question 19

Increase in bp results in

Answer 19

Increase firing rate of baroreceptor nerve

Question 20

What does high bp do to heart rate

Answer 20

Decreases it

Question 21

Relationship between bp and sympathetic nervous system

Answer 21

Sympathetic system brings bp down

Question 22

What neurotransmitter is realeased to slow down heart rate

Answer 22

Ach by vagus nerve

Question 23

What’s afterload

Answer 23

Resistance that heart must overcome to eject blood during contraction

Question 24

What’s cardiac accelerator nerves

Answer 24

Part of sym nervous system and inc HR by innervating SA and AV nodes

Question 25

What do cardiac accelerator nerves do

Answer 25

Release NE to act on SA node by increasing rate of spontaneous depolarisation (inc heart beat) and on beta receptors of ventricles that inc contractility

Question 26

What’s diff between persons max and resting CO called

Answer 26

Cardiac reserve

Question 27

What’s stroke volume

Answer 27

Amount of blood pumped out per cardiac cycle

Question 28

What’s Angina pectoris

Answer 28

pain accompanying myocardial ischemia

Question 29

What’s vasomotor region

Answer 29

Regulated peripheral resistance by changing diameter of blood vessels

Question 30

What does blood viscosity directly affect

Answer 30

Systematic vascular resistance

Question 31

What’s starlings law

Answer 31

Movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space based on balance of hydrostatic and oncotic pressure

Question 32

BHP+IFOP - BCOP+IFHP

Answer 32

Blood hydrostatic pressure, + interstitial fluid osmotic pressure Blood colloid, osmotic pressure + interstitial fluid, hydrostatic pressure

Question 33

What’s brachiocephalic

Answer 33

artery that branches out from aorta arch and supplies blood to right arm head and neck

Question 34

Result of standing still too long

Answer 34

Venous return decrease due to lack of skeletal muscle pumping of veins so SV drops = decrease in CO

Question 35

What’s hypertension

Answer 35

bp in arteries is elevated

Question 36

Does sym or para have vagus as primary nerve

Answer 36

Para

Question 37

What can increase calcium in cell

Answer 37

Sympathetic system