cardiovascular

Question 1

electrical conduction in the heart

Answer 1

SA node
interstitial pathways
AV node
bundle of HIS
left and right bundle branches
purkinjie fibers

Question 2

pathway of blood in the heart

Answer 2

SV
RA
tricuspid
RV
pulmonic SLV
pulm artery
capillaries/lungs
pulm vein
LA
mitral SLV
LV
aortic SLV
aorta
body

Question 3

3 lead telemetry placement

Answer 3

white on right, smoke over fire

Question 4

5 lead telemetry placement

Answer 4

white on right, clouds over grass, smoke over fire (on left) , brown to the ground (in the middle)

Question 5

p wave represents

Answer 5

atrial depolarization

Question 6

PR interval represents

Answer 6

atrial contraction

Question 7

QRS complex represents

Answer 7

atrial repolarization and ventricular depolarization

Question 8

ST segment represents

Answer 8

ventricular contraction

Question 9

T wave represents

Answer 9

ventricular repolarization

Question 10

QT interval represents

Answer 10

sum of ventricular activity

Question 11

isoelectric line

Answer 11

imaginary line that is the baseline of electrical activity in the heart – neutral

Question 12

what coronary artery is known as the widowmaker

Answer 12

LCA

Question 13

what is DBP for adequate perfusion

Answer 13

60

Question 14

if femoral pulse is palpable, SBP is greater than or equal to…

Answer 14

70

Question 15

what is collateral circulation

Answer 15

formation of new blood vessels around area of decreased blood flow

Question 16

bruit

Answer 16

sound when arteries are narrowed

Question 17

automaticity

Answer 17

hearts ability to initiate an impulse spontaneously and continuously

Question 18

conductivity

Answer 18

ability to transmit impulses to other areas in an orderly fashion

Question 19

excitability

Answer 19

ability of cardiac cells to respond to a stimulus by initiating an impulse

Question 20

refractoriness

Answer 20

the inability to respond to a stimulus by initiating an impulse

Question 21

contractility

Answer 21

the physical ability to respond to an impulse by contracting or pumping
- the only one thats mechanical

Question 22

what is inotropic

Answer 22

the force of contraction

Question 23

positive inotropic drugs

Answer 23

digoxin, Calcium, dopamine, epi

Question 24

negative inotropic drugs

Answer 24

BB, CBB, ETOH

Question 25

lusitropic

Answer 25

ventricular relaxation (diastolic function)

Question 26

positive lusitropic drugs

Answer 26

catecholamines: epi, norepi, dobutamine, dopamine

Question 27

negative lusitropic drugs

Answer 27

hypercalcemia

Question 28

chronotropic

Answer 28

speed of SA node sending out impulses

Question 29

positive chronotropic drugs

Answer 29

atropine, dopamine, epi

Question 30

negative chronotropic drugs

Answer 30

digoxin, BB, Ach

Question 31

dromotropic

Answer 31

speed of electrical conduction along conduction pathway (AKA muscle response or conduction velocity)

Question 32

postivie dromotropic drugs

Answer 32

isuprel, phenytoin

Question 33

negative chronotropic drugs

Answer 33

verapamil, adenosine

Question 34

normal cardiac output

Answer 34

4-8L/min

Question 35

normal stroke volume

Answer 35

60-100mL/beat

Question 36

normal MAP

Answer 36

70-110

Question 37

minimum MAP required for systemic perfusion

Answer 37

60

Question 38

what is preload

Answer 38

the stretch on the right ventricle as blood comes IN to the heart

Question 39

starlings law

Answer 39

increased stretch= stronger contraction

Question 40

3 physical things and 2 drugs causing high preload

Answer 40

- increased volume - venous congestion - vasoconstriction - dopmine and epi

Question 41

2 physical and 1 med causing low preload

Answer 41

- decreased bld volume - vasodilation - NTG

Question 42

what is afterload

Answer 42

the squeeze on the heart in order to pump blood out

Question 43

causes for high afterload

Answer 43

vasoconstriction HTN aortic stenosis

Question 44

causes for low afterload

Answer 44

vasodilation