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cardiovascular diagnostics Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

during a 12 lead, pt has to lie down to decrease…?

A

artifact -> false electrical activity

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2
Q

2 PRE-stress test recommendations

A
  • no bb or caffeine for 24 hours before
  • no smoking or strenuous exercise for 3 hours before
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3
Q

two methods for stress test

A

exercise on treadmill or bike
pharmacological: adenosine, dipyridamole , or dobutamine, lexiscan

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4
Q

what is the major tool for cardiac diagnostic

A

echocardiogram

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5
Q

what does echo evaluate

A

structures and function; ejection fraction

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6
Q

what is a normal ejection fraction

A

greater than or equal to 55-60%
- less than that is HF

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7
Q

anesthesia used for transesophageal echocardiogram

A

IV sedation and local anesthesia

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8
Q

NPO for TEE

A

6 hours NPO before procedure

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9
Q

which side does pt lay on for TEE

A

left side

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10
Q

what to check specifically after TEE

A

gag reflex

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11
Q

what is TEE good for

A

looking for clots

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12
Q

what is CT scan good for measuring

A

calcifications

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13
Q

what may use contrast dye that contains iodine

A

CT scan

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14
Q

coronary CT angiogram is used for what

A

clogged arteries

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15
Q

MRI looks at?

A

soft and hard tissue

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16
Q

does MRI use radiation?

A

no

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17
Q

important to remember about MRI and the room it is in

A

magnet is always on– all metal must be removed before entering the room

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18
Q

what contrast is used for MRA

A

IV gadolinium

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19
Q

what does PET scan stand for

A

positron emission tomography

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20
Q

pre-test for PET scan

A
  • NPO
  • no caffeine or tobacco for 4 hours
  • IV glucose and radioactive fluorine 40 mins prior
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21
Q

MUGA scan stands for?

Study These Flashcards
A

multigated acquisition scan

22
Q

what is MUGA scan AKA

Study These Flashcards
A
  • cardiac blood pool
  • nuclear ventriculography
23
Q

what is taken and injected prior to PET scan

Study These Flashcards
A

blood sample taken and radioactive isotope injected

24
Q

what is PET scan used for

Study These Flashcards
A

to see if blood is making its way through the heart

25
what is used for imaging in a PET scan
ECG and gamma camera
26
how long does a PET scan take
3 hours
27
cardiac catheterization uses contrast dye?
yes, radioactive contrast dye
28
what does left sided cardiac cath do
- arterial access - evaluates coronary arteries, mitral/aortic valves, left ventricle
29
what does right sided cardiac cath do?
- venous access - tricuspid and pulmonic valves
30
contraindications for a heart cath
- severe HTN - ventric. arrhythmias - acute stroke - severe anemia/bleeding - unexplained fever
31
how long to be NPO before heart cath
6-8 hours
32
how could AKI, CKD, and DM affect a heart cath?
the dye is nephrotoxic, could damage the kidneys. more fluid may be given to these pts
33
risks of heart cath
- stroke - cardiac tamponade - MI
34
what kind of anesthesia for heart cath
moderate to deep sedation
35
possible interventions in a heart cath
angioplasty atherectomy
36
what is an angioplasty
balloon inflates artery to push back plaque; could be placed as well
37
atherectomy
- scrape plaque off walls - common in carotid arteries - not common for coronary arteries
38
3 things to assess post cath
stable skin site
39
how often to take VS post op
q15x4, q30x2, q1hx2, q4hx24h
40
where does blood commonly collect if artery bursts
in the back
41
retroperitoneal bleed
collection of blood in the peritoneal cavity
42
manual pressure
1" above site at least 5 mins of firm pressure
43
perclose device
nonabsorbable suture - bedrest: 30-60 minutes
44
mynx
extravascular sealant - polythylene glycol swells 3-4x and absorbs blood
45
angioseal
collagen plug - dissolves within 60-90 days - risk of embolism - careful when palpating site - bedrest 2-4 hours
46
syvek patch
round patch increasing platelet aggregation - occlusive dressing - bedrest for 1 hour
47
manual closure devices
C-clamp and fem stop (femo stop)
48
c-clamp
applied 1 inch above site - monitor VS/pulses q15 minutes - only use for 30-45 mins - bedrest 4hrs - last resort
49
fem stop
- inflated dome with manometer - systematically decrease pressure - used for 10 or less hours post op - HOB flat - last resort
50
TR band
radial compression device - less complications - important not to lose syringe bc it cannot be replaced
51
non invasive cardiac cath
CCTA - cardiac computed tomography angiography

medsurg (19 decks)

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