Cardiovascular Flashcards

(26 cards)

1
Q

The region between the two pleural cavities that contains the heart and great vessels is called the ___.

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

Which layer of pericardium touches the heart?

A

visceral pericardium

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3
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue cells have ____.

A

intercalated discs

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4
Q

Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle?

A

It contracts with force sufficient to push blood through the systemic circuit

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5
Q

Where is the ANS headquarters for cardiovascular control?

A

medulla oblongata

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6
Q

What is the importance of the 100-msec delay at the AV node?

A

Atria must contract to fill the ventricles with blood

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7
Q

Why is resting HR somewhat slower than the 80-100 bpm set by the SA node?

A

Parasympathetic effects dominate in a resting individual

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8
Q

How is cardiac output (CO) calculated?

A

CO mL/min = (EDV - ESV) x HR

CO mL/min = HR bpm x SV mL/beat

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9
Q

During ventricular systole of the cardiac cycle, all of the following would occur EXCEPT ____.

A

pressure in ventricles would force the semilunar valves closed

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10
Q

When during the cardiac cycle do ventricles contain their maximal amount of blood? What is this quantity called?

A
  • at the end of atrial systole; EDV

- at the end of ventricular diastole; EDV

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11
Q

On an ECG reading, what does the P wave indicate?

A

atrial depolarization

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12
Q

What event is taking place during the Q-T interval?

A

a single cycle of ventricular depolarization and repolarization

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13
Q

What factor could cause an increase in the size of the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram recording?

A

an increase in heart size

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14
Q

What condition contributes to a reduction in the size of the T wave?

A

coronary ischemia

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15
Q

Why is there no wave corresponding to atrial repolarization on an ECG reading?

A

It is masked by the QS complex

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16
Q

What affects the rate of venous return?

A

cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate

17
Q

How is eversion of the AV valves and backflow of blood into the atria prevented?

A

tightening of chordae tendineae and contraction of papillary muscles

18
Q

Doris was born with a malformed pulmonary valve. How will that affect her circulation?

A

Blood will flow back into her right ventricle

19
Q

Grandpa has developed a radiating pain in his chest upon raking leaves. What medication might be given to offer prompt relief?

A

nitroglycerin, which is a vasodilator of coronary vessels

20
Q

How does damage to the cardioinhibitory center of the medulla affect heart rate? Why?

A

Heart rate increases; sympathetic dominance

21
Q

What blood vessels bring blood back into the right atrium?

A

superior and inferior venae cavae and coronary sinus

22
Q

What is the effect of NE binding to adrenergic receptors?

A

increases vasoconstriction and increases heart rate

23
Q

Benjamin has an EDV of 120 mL and an ESV of 45 mL, which gives him an SV of 75 mL. What is his ejection fraction?

24
Q

Frank has just run a marathon and his heart is beating extremely rapidly. What happens to the length of diastole and filling time?

A

both decrease

25
Why is ESV lower when you are actively exercising?
EDC increases and ventricular muscle produces more forceful contractions ejecting more blood
26
What is the most important factor in considering cardiac function over time?
cardiac output