Test 2

Question 1

Which of the following is an important characteristic of capillaries?

Answer 1

Blood flows through them slowly and exchange occurs quickly.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of lymphatic capillaries?

Answer 2

Endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries overlap.

Question 3

Why does blood pressure increase during exercise?

Answer 3

Because heart rate increases, vascular resistance increases, and stroke volume increases

Question 4

ADH, angiotensin II, EPO, and ANP are all involved in long-term regulation of blood volume. Which two are also important in regulating blood pressure?

Answer 4

ADH and Angiotensin II

Question 5

The lymphatic system does all of the following, except that it

Answer 5

Transports gases to and away from lymph nodes

Question 6

Why do lymph nodes enlarge during some infections?

Answer 6

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes

Question 7

Trace blood from the aortic arch to the right thumb

Answer 7

brachiocephalic artery -> right subclavian artery -> right axillary artery -> right brachial artery -> right radial artery -> palmar arches

Question 8

Why is blood pressure higher in the aorta than in the inferior vena cava?

Answer 8

The diameter of the aorta is smaller and velocity of blood flow is also greater.

Question 9

Why does most filtration take place at the arterial end of a capillary?

Answer 9

CHP is higher at the arterial end.

Question 10

Lymph nodes do all of the following, except that they

Answer 10

remove excess nutrients from the lymph

Question 11

What event is happening if net filtration pressure (NFP) is positive?

Answer 11

Fluid is moving out of a capillary

Question 12

Which statement below is NOT true with regard to atherosclerosis?

Answer 12

the presence of foam cells on the blood vessel wall prevent the plaque from sticking.

Question 13

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ____ cells.

Answer 13

cytotoxic T cells

Question 14

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the ___.

Answer 14

Venules

Question 15

Why are valves located in veins, but not in arteries?

Answer 15

Because venous blood pressure is lower and because valves prevent backflow of blood

Question 16

Which of the following statements about MHC proteins is not true?

Answer 16

bind complement

Question 17

Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart?

Answer 17

vascular resistance

Question 18

Fenestrated capillaries are important in ___ because ____.

Answer 18

in filtration areas of the kidneys, they allow rapid exchanges of water and solutes between plasma and interstitial fluid & at the blood-brain barrier. they allow diffusion of regulatory hormones

Question 19

Grace is in an automobile accident and her celiac trunk is ruptured. Which organs are directly affected by this injury?

Answer 19

Stomach, spleen, liver, & pancreas

Question 20

Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons?

Answer 20

Secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis

Question 21

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

Answer 21

Tunica Intima

Question 22

Mr. Petit has been prescribed an ACE inhibitor. What effect will this have on his body?

Answer 22

It will inhibit the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Question 23

Hormones of the immune system include all of the following, except ___.

Answer 23

natriuretic factor.

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a local vasodilator?

Answer 24

nitric oxide

Question 25

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ____ cells.

Answer 25

B

Question 26

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except ___.

Answer 26

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein

Question 27

What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

Answer 27

arteries

Question 28

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the ___.

Answer 28

precapillary sphincter.

Question 29

During exercise

Answer 29

vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles, venous return increases, both cardiac output and stroke volume increase, and tissue perfusion to the digestive system decreases.

Question 30

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?

Answer 30

high cholesterol, lack of exercise, smoking, and obesity

Question 31

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased ___.

Answer 31

Salt and water loss through the kidneys.

Question 32

Total peripheral resistance is related t all of the following, except the ___.

Answer 32

osmolarity of interstitial fluids

Question 33

Milly has just received a kidney transplant and is taking cyclosporine A. What does this medication do?

Answer 33

suppresses helper T cells, thus preventing rejection

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic or function of nonspecific defenses?

Answer 34

dependence on the activity of lymphocytes

Question 35

Why would liver, lungs, and CNS be affected by a low monocyte count in blood?

Answer 35

Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, and microglia are derived from monocytes

Question 36

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the ___.

Answer 36

Tunica media

Question 37

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the ___.

Answer 37

lungs

Question 38

All of the following EXCEPT _____ is an effect of complement activation.

Answer 38

reducing inflammation

Question 39

Which analogy is most appropriate for comparing the interaction of an antibody's active site binding with an antigen?

Answer 39

An enzyme interacting with a substrate molecule

Question 40

Compared to arteries, veins ___.

Answer 40

Have thinner walls

Question 41

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits ___.

Answer 41

Both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

Question 42

A tumor cell has developed and begun to divide in Amy's liver. What type of immune cells will be able to detect and kill the tumor cells?

Answer 42

natural killer cells

Question 43

In response to hemorrhage, there is

Answer 43

mobilization of the venous reserve

Question 44

Although it is true that veins carry ___, it is NOT always true that they carry ___ blood.

Answer 44

blood to the heart, O2 poor

Question 45

Blood in the left internal iliac artery could travel to ___.

Answer 45

gluteal muscles

Question 46

Why does most filtration take place at the arterial end of a capillary?

Answer 46

CHP is higher at the arterial end

Question 47

Plasma cells ____.

Answer 47

secrete antibodies

Question 48

Which is NOT associated with lymph?

Answer 48

Uvula

Question 49

Complement activation results in:

Answer 49

Chemotaxis, opsonization, Lysis, and inflammation

Question 50

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

Answer 50

basophils

Question 51

An infected would typically contains ___.

Answer 51

Dead neutrophils, cellular debris, tissue fluids, and pus.

Question 52

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is ___.

Answer 52

Aldosterone.