Cardiovascular Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
Brings blood away from the heart
A
Artery
2
Q
Brings blood from the heart to the organs
A
Artery
3
Q
Carries oxygenated blood
A
Artery
4
Q
Nutrient exchange
A
Capillary
5
Q
Bring blood Vack to the heart
A
Veins
6
Q
Carries deoxygenated blood
A
Veins
7
Q
Brings blood from organs to the heart
A
Veins
8
Q
Increased HR = Inc. CO = ? BP
A
Increased
9
Q
Decreased HR = Dec. CO = ?BP
A
Decreased
10
Q
Cardiac output consists of?
A
Heart rate and stroke volume
11
Q
detect changes in the blood pressure
A
Baroreceptors
12
Q
⬇️ HCO3
A
Metabolic Acidosis
13
Q
⬆️ HCO3
A
Metabolic alkalosis
14
Q
Systole
A
Contract heart
Pumped out
15
Q
Diastole
A
relax heart
blood in “filling”
16
Q
Normal blood pressure
A
120/80 mmHg
17
Q
Idiopathic HTN which the cause is unknown
A
Primary HTN
18
Q
With underlying cause of HTN
A
Secondary HTN
19
Q
Tumor in the adrenal medulla
A
Pheochromocytoma
20
Q
Pheochromocytoma
A
NorEpi converts into Epi
Increases BP
21
Q
Hypertension drug safe for pregnant women
A
“MHLN” “MaHaLiN ang mga buntis with high BP”
Methyldopa
Hydralazine
Ladetalol
Nifedipine
22
Q
⬆️ CO2
A
Respiratory acidosis
23
Q
⬇️ CO2
A
Respiratory alkalosis
24
Q
(Type of HTN)
End of organ damage
Stroke
Myocardial infarction
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Eclampsia
A
HTN emergency
25
Sever HTN, WTD?
Nicardipine
(Hindi dapat sudden ang pagbaba ng BP, dapat sublingual to oral)
26
Asymptomatic markedly elevated BP
HTN urgency
27
HTN urgency, WTD?
Captopril
Labetolol
Clonidine
28
First line anti-HTN
"CAT"
CCBs
ACEi and ARBs
Thiazide
29
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: SoA?
Proximal convulated tubule
30
Loop diuretic: SoA?
Thick ascending Loop of Henle
31
Thiazide diuretics: SoA?
Distal convulated tubules
32
K+ sparing diuretics: SoA?
Collecting duct
33
Osmotic diuretic: SoA?
PCT, LOH, CO
34
Suffix for Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
-zolamide
35
Seizures during menstration
Catamenial
36
Treatment for Metabolic Alkalosis
CAIs
37
#1 treatment for glaucoma
tx for acute mountain sickness
tx for catamenial seizures
CAIs
38
Watch out for when using CAIs
(+) Metabolic acidosis
(+) nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
(+) SJS - rashes (if sulfamide related)
39
40
COPD in tagalog haha
Pangmatagalang pagbabara ng tubo ng baga
41
Loop diuretics examples
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
42
MOA of loop diuretics
(-) Na+K+ - 2Cl transporter
43
Loop diuretics are also called
High ceiling diuretics
44
>3L/day
-Polyuria
-Oliguria
-Anuria
Polyuria
45
<400ml/day
-Polyuria
-Oliguria
-Anuria
Oliguria
46
<100 ml/day
-Polyuria
-Oliguria
-Anuria
Anuria
47
WOF for when using Loop diuretics
(+) ototoxicity - ethacrynic acid
(+) SJS
(+) electrolyte imbalance
(+) metabolic problem
HYPER -glycemia, -uricemia, -cholesterolemia
48
Thiazide example
HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide
49
Thiazide - like
Metolazore
Indapamine
Chlorthalidone
50
MOA of Thiazide diuretics
(-) Na+Cl transporter
51
Uses of Thiazide diuretics
1st line for HTN
Treat idiophathic hypercalciuria = nephrolithiasis
Heart failure
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
52
WOF when using Thiazides
(+) SJS
(+) Electrolyte imbalance
(+) metabolic problem
HYPER -glycemia, -uricemia, -cholesterolemia
53
Aldosterone antagonist
K+ sparing diuretics
54
Uses of Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Relieve congestion and treat hyperaldosteronism
55
WOF when using Spironolactone
Gynecomastia
56
No gynecomastia side effect KSD
Epleronone
57
WOF when using Spironolactone and eplerenone
HYPERkalemia
58
MOA of Spironolactone
(-) Epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)
59
Tx for Liddle syndrome (overactive Na+ channel)
Amiloride
60
WOF when using Triamterene
Nephrolithiasis
61
MOA of Osmotic diuretic
Colligative/mass effect
62
Use of Osmotic diuretic
⬇️ IOP in glaucoma
⬇️ Intracramial pressure
63
WOF when using Osmotic diuretics
Hypovolemia
Hypernatremia
64
MOA of Reserpine
inhibit vericular uptake of DA
= ⬇️ DA
65
WOF when using reserpine
Depression
66
Adrenergic drugs that inhibit release of NE
Guanethidine
Guanadrel
Bretylium
67
MOA: ⬆️ cGMP -> vascular SM relaxation = vasodilation
Hydralazine
68
Uses of Hydralazine
✔️ severe HTN
✔️ antiHTN in pregnancy
✔️ Hydra. + ISDN (Isosorbide dinitrate)
69
Metabolism of Hydralazine
Acetylation
70
WOF of Hydralazine
Reflex tachycardia
Lupus-like effecy
(+) Butterfly-like rash
(+) Joint pain
71
MOA: (+) K+ effluc --> hyperpolarization
Minoxidil and Diazoxide
72
WOF when using Minoxidil
Hypertrichosis (Hair growth)
73
Inhibits release of insulin
Diazoxide
Case: treatment for insulinoma (tumor) resulting to increase in insulin and decrease glucose
WOF: ⬆️⬆️⬆️ glucose
74
MOA: D1 receptor agonist
used for severe HTN
Phenoldopam
75
Caution when taking nitrates, nitrites, and sodium nitroprusside
✔️ should be freshly prepared (within 24 hours)
✔️ protect from light
76
Ca+ channel blockers
DIHYDROPRIDINE
-dipine
Prototype: Nifedipine
NON-DHP
Verapamil
Diltiazem
77
MOA of DIHYDROPRIDINE
(-) L-type Ca2+ channels
✔️ peripheral vessels
= vasodilation
WOF: reflex tachycardia
edema
78
MOA of Non-DHP
(-) L-type Ca2+ channels
✔️ peripheral vessels
✔️ coronary vessels
= vasodilation
WOF: ⬇️ HR
79
2 Non-DHPs
Veripamil
Diltiazem
80
Intrinsically long acting CCBs
Lacidipine
Lercanidipine
Amlodipine
(less tachycardia)
81
Modified LA CCB
Verapamil SR
82
Uses of Ca+ channel blockers
✔️ 1st line for HTN
✔️ for Prinzmetal angina/vasospastic angina
✔️ Arrhythmia (Non-DHP) Class IV
83
AntiHTN in intracerebral hemorrage
Nimodipine
84
for HTN emergences
Nicardipine
85
AntiHTN in pregnant
A tocolytic agent
Nifedipine
86
CCBs drugs for Pregnants
"MRTINA'
MgSO4
Ritodrine
Terbutaline
Isoxsuprine
Nifedipine
Atosiban
87
Renin inhibitor
Aliskerin
88
Uses of ACEIs
✔️ 1st line for HTN
✔️ ⬇️⬇️ Proteinuria
✔️ Unloader in px with HF
89
WOF with Aliskerin
⬆️⬆️ K+
Angiodema
Hypotension
90
Group of ACEis that binds in the zinc portion of ACE
SH - Captopril
Carboxyl - Enalapril
Phosphinic acid - Fosinopril
91
Effects of inhibiting ACE
⬇️ Angiotensin II
⬇️ Aldosterone
92
Same with ACEIs but no Bradykinin
Less likely = cough, angioedema
ARBs (Angiotensin receptor blocker)
-sartan
93
WOF for ACEIs
(+) Hypotension
(+) Hyperkalemia
(+) dry cough, angioedema
(+) acute kidney injury
⬆️ Creatinine
⬇️ CrCl
⬇️ GFR
94
Contraindications with ACEIs
✔️ Pregnancy = Renal dysgenesis (teratogenic)
✔️ Bilateral renal artery stenosis = kidney failure
95
WTD? ⬇️ O2 supply
⬆️ O2 supply
✔️ Fibrinolytics
Streptokinase
✔️ Stent
✔️ CABG
96
CABG
Coronary
Artery
Bypass
Graft
(Open heart)
97
WTD? ⬆️ O2 demand
⬇️ O2 demand
✔️ Nitrovasodilators
✔️ B blockers
✔️ CCBs
98
Nitrites/Nitrates: Very SA (5 mins)
Amylnitrate INH
99
Nitrites/Nitrates: SA (30-60 minutes)
Nitroglycerin SL Isosorbide dinitrate SL
100
Nitrites/Nitrates: IA (6-8 hours)
Nitroglycerin PO Isosorbide dinitrate PO
101
Nitrites/Nitrates: LA (10-12 hrs)
Nitroglycerin transdermal, Isosorbide mononitrate PO
102
Uses of Nitrites/Nitrates
✔️ for angina
classic angina
unstable angina
prinzmetal angina
✔️ severe HTN
✔️ ISDN + Hydralazine = fro HF
103
✔️ for CN poisoning
✔️ sex-enhancing drug
Amylnitrate
104
✔️ for CN poisoning
✔️ curing meat
Sodium nitrite
105
✔️ nitrovasodilator
Nicorandil
106
WOF when using N/N
✔️ ⬇️ BP
✔️ throbbing headache "Monday disease"
✔️ tolerance
✔️ Carcinogenic
107
Caution when using N/N
Avoid N/N if (+) Sildenafil or Tadalafil within 24
Sildenafil (Viagra) = for ED
N/N (vasodilate = ⬇️ BP) + Sildenafil (vasodilate = ⬇️ BP) causing the patient to die
108
WOF with high dose or iv infusion N/N
and WTD
Reflex HR ⬆️
WTD? B-blocker
109
WTD for tolerance to Nitrates/nitrites
✔️ give sulfhydryl
✔️nitrate free interval 10-14 hrs
✔️ eccentric dosing
TID = 6am-2pm-10pm
6am-11am-4pm
110
Carcinogenicity of N/N
N/N react with amines -> NITROSAMINES (causes cancer of the stomach and esophagus
111
Most effective vs. Prinzmetal angina
CCB non DHP
WOF: HR ⬇️
112
Drugs for Ischemic heart disease
✔️ N/N
✔️ B-blockers
✔️ CCB Non DHP
113
Other drugs for Ischemic Heart Disease
✔️ Ivabrine (Coralan): inh. funny Na+ current = HR ⬇️
✔️ Trimetazidine (Vastarel): inh. fatty acid oxid. = ⬇️⬇️ ATP requirement
✔️ Ranolazine: ⬇️ Ca2+ = QT prolongation
114
Effects of heart failure in the body
✔️ hepatomegaly
✔️ edema
✔️ dyspnea, orthopnea
115
NYHA Functional Classification
Class I more than ordinary
Class II ordinary
Class III less than ordinary
Class IV R.E.S.T
116
MOA of cardiac glycosides
(-) Na+K+ ATPase pump
117
Uses of Cardiac glycoside
✔️ for HF (dec. hospitalization)
✔️ atrial fibrilation
118
WOF with cardiac glycoside
⬇️ Mg2+ ⬇️ O2 ⬇️ K ⬆️ Ca2+
119
WTD for toxicity of Cardiac glycosides
✔️ Treat electrolyte abnormality
✔️ Digifab/Digibind
✔️ If arrhythmia: LIDOCAINE
120
✔️ 1st line inotrope vs cardiogenic shock
✔️ pharmacologic stress test
Dobutamine
121
WOF in Dobutamine
Tachycardia
122
WOF with PDE inhibitors
Tachycardia
Allergy
Thrombocytopenia
123
Relief of congestion in Heart Failure
Loop diuretics and Aldosterone Antagonist
124
Unloaders for Heart failure
✔️ ACEi; ARBs
WOF: hypotension
✔️ Sacubitril + Valsartan (Entresto)
WOF: hypotension
✔️ Diuretics
Loop WOF: ⬇️ K+
Ald. Ant. WOF: up ⬆️ K+
✔️ Vasodilator
✔️ SGLT2 inhibitor
WOF: Weight loss and risk of UTI
✔️ B-blockers
125
Drug for Supraventricular (Junctional tachycardia)
Adenosine
MOA: ⬆️ K+ ⬇️CA2+
WOF: Bronchospasm
126
Drug for Ventricular tachycardia
Amiodarone
127
Drug for Atrial fibrilation
Amiodarone/Digoxin
128
WTD with Ventricular fibrilation
✔️ Chest compression
✔️ Epinephrine 1mg IV/IO every 3-5 mins
✔️ Airway support
129
Antiarrhythmic drug classification of Vaughan-Williams
Class I - Na+ channel blockers
Class II - Beta blockers
Class III - K+ channel blockers
Class IV - Ca2+ channel blockers
Class V - others
130
Class IA Antiarrhythmic drugs
"DQP - Double Quarter Pounder"
Disopyramide
Quinidine
Procainamide - WOF: Lupus-like effect
131
Class IB Antiarrhythmic drugs
"Lettuce Mayo & Tomato Please"
Lidocaine - least cardio toxic
Mexiletine
Tocainide
Phenytoin
132
Class IC Antiarrhythmic drugs
"More Fries Please"
Mirocizine
Fleacainide
Propafenone
133
Class III Antiarrhythmic drugs
K+ channel blocker
"BIDAS"
Bretylium
Ibutilide
Dofetilide
Amiodarone
Sotalol
134
Class IV Antiarrhythmic drugs
CCBs non-DHP
✔️ Verapamil
✔️ Diltiazem
WOF: ⬇️⬇️ Heart rate
135
Class V Antiarrhythmic drugs
✔️MgSo4
✔️Adenosine
✔️Digoxin
136
Class II Antiarrhythmic drugs
B-blockers
✔️ Propranolol
✔️ Metoprolol
✔️ Atenolol
