Cardiovascular

Question 1

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

Thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity in the walls of the arteries

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

buildup of plague in the walls of the arteries

Question 3

Bruit

Answer 3

Mumur like sound of vascular rather than cardiac origin

Question 4

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 4

Performance of the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next, systole, diastole, contraction and relaxtion

Question 5

Diastole

Answer 5

Period of ventricular relaxation

Question 6

Electrocardiaogram

Answer 6

recording used to measure the electrical activity of the heart

Question 7

Hypertension

Answer 7

Abnormally high arterial blood pressure

Question 8

Hypervolemia

Answer 8

fluid overload. too much fluid volume in the body

Question 9

Hypovolemia

Answer 9

volume depletion. insufficient fluid volume circulating in the body (blood, h2o, lymphatic fluid

Question 10

Ischemia

Answer 10

Diminished blood supply to tissue or organs in the body causing an O2 shortage

Question 11

Murmur

Answer 11

heart sounds attributed to turbulent blood flow. Distinguishable form normal heart sounds by their longer duration

Question 12

Palpitations

Answer 12

Unpleasant awareness of the heartbeat. May result from irregular heartbeat, rapid acceleration or slowing of the heart, or increase forcefulness of cardiac contraction

Question 13

Precordium

Answer 13

region of the thorax in front of the heart

Question 14

Point of Max Impulse (PMI)

Answer 14

Where the apical pulse is identified during palpation and auscultation. Apex of the heart

Question 15

pericardium

Answer 15

Exterior chest that overlays heart and great vessels

Question 16

stroke volume

Answer 16

volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat

Question 17

systole

Answer 17

period of ventricular contraction

Question 18

thrill

Answer 18

vibration felt upon palpation of a blood vessel, suggests stenosis

Question 19

stenosis

Answer 19

abnormal narrowing of blood vessel

Question 20

Atherosclerosis

Answer 20

Buildup of fatty plaque in the arteries

Question 21

Claudication

Answer 21

cramping pain in the arms or more commonly legs caused by exercise. r/t decreased blood flow to the muscles

Question 22

Deep vein thrombosis

Answer 22

Blood clot formed in a deep vein accompanied by inflammatory response in vein wall. (LE) Creates risk for pulmonary embolism

Question 23

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 23

A clot that travels to the lungs, blocks blood flow to lungs. impairs oxygenation

Question 24

Edema

Answer 24

presence of excess fluid in interstitial spaces

Question 25

pitting

Answer 25

interstitial water is mobile, can be translocated w/ pressure by finger

Question 26

Non-Pitting

Answer 26

serum proteins accumulate in interstitial space w/ water and coagulated. firm no indentation forms with pressure. r/t thyroid or lymphatic issues, local infection, trauma

Question 27

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Answer 27

Narrowing/blockage of vessels that carry blood from the heart to the extremities

Question 28

venous insufficiency

Answer 28

Failure of veins to circulate the blood, especially from lower extremities die to incompetent vein valves

Question 29

S1 heart sound

Answer 29

Mitral/Tricuspid valves closing

Question 30

S2 heart sound

Answer 30

pulmonic/aortic valves closing

Question 31

S3 heart sound

Answer 31

large amount of blood hitting left ventricle

Question 32

S4 heart sound

Answer 32

atrial contraction

Question 33

JVD indicates

Answer 33

increased pressure in veins right sided heart failure

Question 34

Normal MAP

Answer 34

70-100

Question 35

cardiac system impacted w/ aging

Answer 35

arterial stiffening decreased elasticity increased O2 demand

Question 36

Main cause of PAD

Answer 36

atherosclerosis

Question 37

purpose of shunts in fetal heart

Answer 37

bypass lungs/liver, ensures efficient flow of O2 to fetus