{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }
Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SES Unit 2 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Why are erythrocytes red?

A

Haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 types of leucocytes (WBC)?

A

Lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

Part of the immune system
B-cells and T-cells

B-cells develop in the bone marrow
produce antibodies to destroy antigens

T-cells develop in the thymus gland
destroy the body’s own cells that have been taken over by viruses or have become cancerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

Small and fast, they are one of the first cell types to travel to the site of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are monocytes?

A

Largest of the WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adaptions of erythrocytes

A

Do not have a nucleus
Bi-concave shape
flattened
Small
Flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of platelets

A

Form blood clots by clumping together, to stop bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of plasma

A

Provides a mean of transport for glucose, lipids, amino acids, hormones, carbon dioxide and oxygen

Carries proteins such as fibrinogen, which helps with blood clotting

Helps with temperature regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 major blood vessels?

A

Aorta
Pulmonary Vein
Vena Cava
Pulmonary Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the aorta transport blood to and from?

A

Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the pulmonary vein transport blood to and from?

A

Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the vena cava transport blood to and from?

A

Deoxygenated from the body to the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the pulmonary artery transport blood to and from?

A

Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 valves in the heart are:

A

Tricuspid, Bicuspid, Pulmonary and Aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which side of the heart is the tricuspid valve?

A

Right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Healthy heart rate range is?

A

60-80bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Atrial systole

A

Contraction of the atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the sino atrial node?

A

right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node?

A

Bottom of the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the atrioventricular node responsible for?

A

delaying electrical impulses it receives from the sinoatrial node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pathway of electrical activity in the heart:

A

sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
bundle of His
Purkyne fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

State the order at which blood runs from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart

A

Heart - Arteries - Capillaries - Veins - Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why do veins have a larger diameter
To carry large volumes of blood at a low pressure
26
Why do veins have valves?
To prevent the backflow of blood
27
Name the components of the lymphatic system
lymph lymph vessels lymph nodes lymph organs bone marrow
28
The role of the lymphatic system
1. Removes waste from body tissue and returns it back to the blood 2. removes access fluid from body tissue 3. absorbs fatty acids, transports to blood stream so that the small intestine absorbs it 4. Contains lymphocytes so plays a role in immune response
29
Role of hydrostatic pressure
Pressure from heart contractions forces water and dissolved substances in the blood plasma out through capillary walls into surrounding tissues - forming tissue fluid
30
Properties of blood plasma
Straw coloured, clear Contains plasma proteins
31
Properties of tissue fluid
fluid between body cells carries nutrients and oxygen to tissue cells does not contain plasma proteins
32
Properties of lymph
Formed from plasma contains white blood cells involved in the removal of wastes and infectious organisms from tissues
33
What are the main plasma proteins
Albumins
34
What do albumins do to plasma
Contribute to the thickness/viscosity and to osmostic pressure - higher it
35
What is the function of globulins
essential for immune responses
36
Normal blood pressure range
90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg
37
High blood pressure (hypertension)
140/90mmHg
38
What does the systolic pressure represent?
high number Pressure against arteries during contraction
39
What does the diastolic pressure represent?
Low number Pressure against arteries during relaxation (Between beats)
40
Risk factors of hypertension
Age Family history High salt intake Lack of exercise Overweight Smoking Drinking large amount of alcohol
41
Symptoms and effects of coronary heart disease
angina and heart attack
42
Symptoms of angina
breathlessness, nausea, dizziness, chest pain, tightness in the chest
43
How do platelets work?
They get trapped by fibrin and form scabs
44
What is another name for platelets?
Thrombocytes
45
What happens when body temperature is too high?
Vasodilation Heat is lost to the environment Sweat glands release fluid Fluid evaporates
46
What happens when body temperature is too low?
Vasoconstriction Sweat glands do no release fluid Shivering generates heat
47
What is blood pressure?
The force of blood against artery walls per contraction
48
Do lymph vessels have valves?
Yes
49
Describe how blood plasma becomes lymph. (4)
Blood plasma is forced out of "leaky capillaries" by hydrostatic pressure Fluid carries nutrients like oxygen and glucose to cells of tissues Fluid must return to the circulatory system of oedema will occur Excess fluid enters the lymphatic system rejoins blood stream at the top of the body
50
Outline 2 roles of blood proteins in the formation of tissue fluid
Increases osmotic pressure of blood Lower water potential of blood opposite force to hydrostatic pressure affects viscosity of the blood
51
Outline 2 roles of hydrostatic pressure in the formation of tissue fluid
Caused by the heart contracting Higher in arteriole end Forces blood plasma out of capillary pores
52
4 functions of the heart
Primary muscle Beats continuously Provides tissues & cells with oxygen and nutrients Controls two separate circulatory systems
53
Function of the pericardium.
Protects the heart from overexpansion
54
Function of the pericardial fluid.
Aids movement of the heart and reduces friction
55
What's unique about the muscle in the heart and what is it called?
Myocardium never tired but cannot tolerate a lack of oxygen
56
What is the pericardium?
The thick outside tissue of the heart
57
What is myocardium?
The thick muscular wall of the heart
58
What is the endocardium?
The inner layer of cells that line the ventricles
59
Why is the muscular wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?
Has to produce bigger contractions since the blood has to go further distances
60
Why is there valves in the heart?
To prevent the backflow of blood
61
Reasons for a blocked artery (6)
Cholesterol deposits Atheromas plaques plaques breaking down blood clots atheroscelorsis hardens
62
Role of blood proteins (4)
Increase osmotic potential of blood Lower water potential of blood Opposite force to hydrostatic pressure Affects viscosity of blood

SES Unit 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions