Cardiovascular

Question 1

What is ischemia

Answer 1

decreased blood flow

Question 2

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 2

a disorder in which calcium and cholesterol build up and form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, obstructing flow and interfering with their ability to dilate or contract

Question 3

What is occlusion?

Answer 3

blockage

Question 4

What is the lumen?

Answer 4

the insider diameter of the artery

Question 5

What is thromboembolism?

Answer 5

a blood clot that is floating through blood vessels until it reaches an area too narrow for it to pass, causing it to stop and block the blood flow at that point

Question 6

What is acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?

Answer 6

a classic heart attack

blockage in coronary artery

Question 7

What is infarction?

Answer 7

death of tissue

Question 8

What is cardiac arrest?

Answer 8

heart stops completely

Question 9

What is acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?

Answer 9

a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia

Question 10

What is angina pectoris?

Answer 10

the pain felt when the heart tissues are not getting enough oxygen
result of a spasm of an artery
when heart is working hard - physical or emotional stress

Question 11

What does angina pain feel like?

Answer 11

crushing, standing, squeezing on heart

Question 12

How to treat angina?

Answer 12

rest, supplementary oxygen, niroglycerin

Question 13

What is thrombolytic?

Answer 13

clot-busting

Question 14

What is angioplasty?

Answer 14

mechanical clearing of the artery

Question 15

Symptoms of AMI (acute myocardial infarction)

Answer 15

sudden weakness, naseau, sweating
chest pain/discomfort
pain in jaw, arms, back, abdomen, neck
irregular heart beat
syncope
dyspnea
pink, frothy sputum
elevated bp
rapid/labored respiration
feeling of impending doom

Question 16

What is syncope?

Answer 16

fainting

Question 17

What is arrhythmia?

Answer 17

abnormality of heart rhythm

Question 18

What is tachycardia?

Answer 18

rapid beating of heart

100+ beats/min

Question 19

What is bradycardia?

Answer 19

slow beating of heart

60 beats/min or less

Question 20

What is ventricular tachycardia?

Answer 20

rapid heart rhythm
150 - 200 beats/min
does not allow time for left ventricle to fill with blood

Question 21

What is ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 21

disorganized, ineffective quivering of ventricles
no blood pumped thur body
TREATMENT: defibrillate heart

Question 22

What is asystole?

Answer 22

absence of all heart electrical activity

involved with long period of ischemia

Question 23

What is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 23

heart lacks enough power to force the proper volume of blood thru circulatory system
caused by heart attacks/AMIs

Question 24

What is congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Answer 24

ventricular heart muscle is so damaged that it can no longer keep up with the return flow of blood from atria
heart rate increases
left ventricle enlarges in an effort to increase the amount of blood pumped each minute
heart becomes congested with fluid

Question 25

What is dependent edema?

Answer 25

the collection of fluid in part of body closest to the ground

Question 26

What is hypertension?

Answer 26

any systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg

Question 27

What is hypertensive emergency?

Answer 27

systolic pressure greater than 160 mm Hg or rapid rise in systolic bp

Question 28

Signs of hypertensive emergency

Answer 28

``` sudden severe headache strong bounding pulse ringing in ears nausea/vomiting dizziness warm skin nosebleed altered mental status pulmonary edema ```