Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step 2 pharm > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Stable angina tx

A
  • BB (decrease heart rate and contractility thus decreasing O2 demaind)
  • CCB (dont use with BB cause can cause heart block) promote coronary and peripheral vasodilation and reduce contractility
  • Nitrates
  • ASA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tx of acute coronary syndrome (Unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI)

A

-ABCs
-MONA BASH C
Morphine, oxygen, nitrates, aspirin/antiplatlet (clopidogrel or tecagrelor), BB, ACE-I, Statin, Heparin (exnoxaparin if no PCI and unfractionated heparin if undergoing PCI), Clopidogrel
- Check electrolytes (Mg and K)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Long term management of MI

A

BASA’S and Lifestyle

*BB
*Aspirin and or clopidogrel
Spironolactone (aldo inhibitor so assists ACE-I)
*ACE-I or ARB
Statin

*decrease mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prinzmetal angina tx

A
  • SMOKING CESSATION
  • CCB (diltiazem)
  • Nitrates
  • Avoid nonselective BB (B2= vasodilation) and triptans (associated with coronary artery vasospasm)
  • Aspirin should be used with caution and at low dosage bc inhibits prostacyclin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

aortic stenosis tx

A

aortic valve replacement if symptomatic (dyspnea, syncope, angina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mitral regurg tx

A
  • vasodilators for LV dysfunction
  • anticoagulate pts with afib or hx of rheumatic heart dz
  • mitral valve repair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

aortic regurg tx

A

medical management of heart failure (ACE-I, BB, spironolactone)
Aortic valve replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mitral stenosis tx

A

balloon valvuloplasty
diuretics for CHF sxs prior to valvuloplasty
anticoagulate pts with Afib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what’s Ficks priciple

A

CO= Rate of O2 consumption / arterial O2 content - venous O2 content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 3 equations for MAP

A 
MAP = CO X TPR
MAP = DBP + 1/3 PP
MAP = 2/3 DBP + 1/3 SBP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the equation for LVEF

A

SV/EDV
or
EDV-ESV/EDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

HOCM tx

A

BB
Restrict physical exertion
Avoid volume depletion and dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy tx

A

diuretics, ACE-I, BB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy tx

A

Identify and tx underlying cause

Diuretics, ACE-I, BB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tx of acute decompensated CHF presenting with pulmonary edema

A

NO LIP

  • Nitrates (nitroglycerin or nitroprusside)- redistributes blood outside the pulmonary vasculature back to the systemic
  • oxygen (if hypoxic)
  • Loop diuretics
  • inotropic drugs (dobutamine, milrinon- both not first line), -positioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which drugs proven to reduce mortality in CHF pts

A

ACE-I
BB (Bisoprolol, carvedilol, and extended release metoprolol)- avoid starting in pts with acute decompensated HF
aldo- antagonist (spironolactone, eplerenone)

*nitrates and diuretics help sxs but dont decrease mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What drugs are useful to relieve sxs in chronic CHF

A

Loops, digoxin, vasodilators (isosorbide dinitrate, hydralazine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypovolemic shock tx

A

Fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cardiogenic shock tx

A

Dobutamine (B1 agonist), Intra-aortic balloon pump

be careful with fluids!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

obstructive shock tx

A

treat underlying extracardiac cause (ex. tension pneumo, hemothorax, PE)
If cardiac tamponade, do a pericardiocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

septic shock tx

Study These Flashcards
A

IVF, Norepi (vasoconstriction > increased CO), abx

22
Q

anaphylactic shock tx

Study These Flashcards
A

Epi, IVF, airway management

23
Q

neurogenic shock tx

Study These Flashcards
A

IVF, vasopressors, atropine for bradycardia

24
Q

myocarditis tx

Study These Flashcards
A

abx for bacterial cause
stop offending drug
treat any arrhythmias
+/- immunosuppressive agents if autoimmune
supportive treatment bc mycocarditis is MC due to viruses!

25
Acute rheumatic fever tx
NSAIDS for joint inflammation Steroids (for carditis) B- lactam/penicillin for any lingering strep infection (wont treat the acute rheumatic fever)
26
Endocarditis ppx prior to surgery/dental procedure tx
amoxicillin 2g given 30-60 min prior to procedure - prosthetic cardiac valve - congenital heart disease - history of infective endocarditis - cardiac transplantation with cardiac valvuloplasty
27
Empiric abx for infective endocarditis
(get 3 sets of blood cxs before starting abx) vacomycin (remember these pts will need prophylaxis for dental procedures in the future)
28
tx of acute pericarditis
NSAIDS (ibuprofen, indomethacin) | colchicine
29
tx of chronic constrictive pericarditis
pericardiectomy
30
``` How to treat heart block: First degree Second degree Mobitz type 1 Second degree Mobitz type 2 Third degree ```
First degree: No treatment Second degree Mobitz type 1: adjust medications, pacemaker for symptomatic bradycardia Second degree Mobitz type 2: Pacemaker Third degree: Ventricular pacemaker or avoid BB, CCB and digoxin (BB and CCB together can cause heart block)
31
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia tx
Carotid massage, Valsalva maneuver, IV adenosine, CCB, BB, Cardioversion, catheter ablation
32
Multifocal atrial tachycardia tx
CCB, BB, correct hypokalemia (want K>4) or hypomagnesemia (want Mg>2), catheter ablation
33
Bradycardia tx
stop precipitating meds, pacemaker if sxs frequent or severe
34
AFib management acute (<48 hours)
Electrical cardioversion
35
AFib management chronic
Evaluate for thrombus with TEE (not TTE) Anticoagulate with heparin and warfarin Rhythm control with sotalol or amiodarone Rate control with BB, nondihydropyridine CCB, or digoxin (rate control and rhythm control are the same as far as mortality)
36
Atrial Flutter tx
``` Rate control (BB, or CCB) Cardioversion (electrical or chemical) ```
37
PVCs tx
None if healthy, BB sometimes | more than 3 PVC's per min is Ventricular Tachycardia
38
Ventricular tachycardia tx
electrical cardioversion followed by antiarrhythmic medication (can turn into V Fib if not corrected) Unstable pulseless Vtach: after 2 shocks: administer epi 1mg q3-5 min after 3 shocks: administer amiodarone 300 mg bolus IV, 2nd dose 150 mg Treatment of stable asx VTach (with a pulse) is with #1 Amiodarone (or procainamide or sotalol if cant use amio)
39
Torsades de pointe treatement
IV magnesium (push bolus and if that doesn't work use lidocaine and phenytoin)
40
Ventricullar fibrillation treatment
CPR, immediate electrical cardioversion
41
Treatment for pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or asystole
Dont shock PEA unless its Vtach or Vfib and never shock asystole CPR 30:2 for 2 min then epi 1 mg q3-5m
42
Renal artery stenosis tx
Medical management (avoid ACE-I and ARBS if bilateral disease) Angioplasty Surgical revascularization
43
Hypertensive urgency tx
Goal: Reduce BP to 160/100 initially and reduce MAP by no more than 25% in the first 2-3 hours Drugs: Nitroprusside, Labetalol, Nicardipine, Clonidine, Captopril, Enalapril
44
aortic dissection treatment
Stabilize with BB (Decrease BP and Decrease slop of rise of BP) Morphine for pain control Stanford A (involves ascending aorta) needs emergency surgical repair Stanford B (descending only) treated medically (less than 5.5 cm in men and less than 5 cm in women = monitor with ultrasound q6months) Repair if larger than 5.5/5, increased in diameter by more than 0.5 cm in those 6 months or if symptomatic
45
What meds can you use in Peripheral artery disease on top of lifestyle (stop smoking, good glucose and BP control, daily exercise to make collaterals)
Cilostazol (improves blood flow to LE. CI in HF due to increased mortality) Daily aspirin or clopidogrel to reduce CV events Statin
46
DVT tx
Elevate the leg Anticoag with LMWH (enoxaparin) or unfractionated hep then switch to warfarin If anticoag CI, consider IVC filter
47
giant cell arteritis tx
high dose prednisone for 1-2 months with long taper for 9-12 months + aspirin (decrease risk of vision loss/ vessel occlusion) + Ca and Vit D (decrease risk of osteoporosis due to the steroids)
48
kawasaki dz tx
- IVIG (within first 10 d of illness preferably) - High dose aspirin continued until 48 hours after the fever resolution followed by low dose aspirin until the inflammatory markers (ESR, platelets) return to normal - ECHO in the acute phase and 6-8 w later to check for coronary aneurysm
49
WPW pt in AFib
Unstable: Cardioversion (synchronized) IV: Procainamide or Ibutilide
50
Peripheral artery disease tx
1) Aspirin and statin 2) Supervised exercise program. 12 weeks of 30-45 min exercise 3-4 times a week 3) cilostazol if sxs remain despite the top 2
51
symptomatic sinus bradycardia
atropine no response= IV Epi or IV dopamine or transcutaneous pacing

Step 2 pharm (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions