Cardiovascular and Lymphatic systems Flashcards
(227 cards)
1
Q
Function of the cardiovascular system
A
- Transporting nutrients
- Oxygenize the body by transporting oxygen by the cells in the blood
- Removing waste products from blood (ex. CO2)
2
Q
3 Types of valves for the heart
A
- Tricuspid Valve: located between the right atrium and right ventricle
- Bicuspid Valve: located between the left atrium and left ventricle
- Semilunar Valve: located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, and the left ventricle and aorta
3
Q
3 layers of the Heart
A
- Pericardium: 2 layer sac covering the heart that holds pericardial fluid, allowing layers to move without friction. Has visceral layer closest to myocardium and parietal layer lining pericardium
- Myocardium: Middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart
- Endocardium: Inner lining of the heart
4
Q
Aorta
A
largest artery in the body, originating from left ventricle descending down into the thorax and abdomen
5
Q
Arteries
A
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, smallest arteries called arterioles
6
Q
Veins
A
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, smallest veins called venules
7
Q
Capillaries
A
Microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules
8
Q
Erythrocytes
A
Red blood cells (RBC) that carry oxygen
9
Q
Leukocytes
A
White blood cells (WBC) that combat the infection and respond to the inflammation
10
Q
Platelets
A
Element in the blood that helps with clotting. Platelets are also called thrombocytes
11
Q
Lymphatic System
A
Removing excess fluid in tissues that accumulate because of metabolic activity
12
Q
What the Lymphatic system consists of
A
Lymph nodes: filter to keep bacteria out of blood
Spleen: Largest lymphatic organ
Thymus Gland: Primary lymphatic organ that helps develop immune system
Lymph: Colourless fluid
13
Q
-ac
A
pertaining to
14
Q
-apheresis
A
removal
15
Q
-crit
A
to separate
16
Q
-gram
A
actual record
ex. x-ray
ex. picture
17
Q
-Graph
A
instrument used to record
18
Q
-graphy
A
process of recording
19
Q
-odynia
A
pain
20
Q
-penia
A
abnormal reduction
21
Q
poiesis
A
formation
22
Q
-sclerosis
A
hardening
23
Q
brady-
A
slow
24
Q
tachy-
A
fast, rapid
25
angi/o
vessel
26
aort/o
aorta
27
arteri/o
artery
28
ather/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
29
atri/o
atrium
30
bacteri/o
bacteria
31
cardi/o coron/o
heart
32
ech/o
sound
33
electr/o
electricity, electrical activity
34
isch/o
deficiency, blockage
35
isch/o
deficiency, blockage
36
lymph/o
lymph
37
myel/o
bone marrow
38
phleb/o ven/o
vein
39
plasm/o
plasm
40
sphygm/o
pulse
41
splen/o
spleen
42
steth/o
chest
43
therm/o
heat
44
thromb/o
clot
45
thym/o
thymus gland
46
valv/o valvul/o
valve
47
ventricul/o
ventricle
48
Angiocarditis angi/o/card/itis
inflammation of the blood vessels and heart
49
angioma angi/oma
tumour composed of the blood vessels
50
angiospams angi/o/spamas
spasm of the blood vessels
51
Angiostenosis angi/o/stenosis
narrowing of a blood vessel
52
aortic stenosis aort/ic sten/osis
narrowing of the aorta
53
arteriorrhexis arteri/o/rrhexis
rupture of an artery
54
arteriosclerosis arteri/o/sclerosis
hardening of the arteries
55
atherosclerosis ather/o/sclerosis
hardening of the arteries
56
atrioventricular defect atri/o/ventricul/ar
defect pertaining to an atrium and ventricle
57
bacterial endocarditis end/o/card/itis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria
58
Bradycardia brady/cardia
slow heart rate
| <60bpm
59
cardiodynia cardi/o/dynia
pain in the heart
60
cardiomegaly cardi/o/megaly
enlargement of the heart
61
cardiomyopathy cardi/o/my/o/pathy
disease of the heart muscle
62
cardiovalvulitis cardi/o/valvul/itis
inflammation of the valves of the heart
63
Coronary Ischemia isch/emia
Deficient blood supply of the blood to the hearts blood vessels
64
Coronary thrombosis thromb/osis
abnormal condition of a clot in a blood vessel of the heart
65
endocarditis end/o/card/itis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
66
hematocytopenia hemat/o/cyt/o/penia
abnormal reduction in number of blood cells
67
hematoma hemat/oma
collection of blood outside of the blood vessels
68
lymphadenitis lymph/aden/itis
inflammation of the lymph glands
69
lymphadenopathy lymph/aden/o/pathy
disease of the lymph glands
70
Lyphoma Lymph/oma
tumour of the lymphatic tissue
71
Myocarditis my/o/card/itis
inflammation of the muscle of the heart
72
Pericarditis peri/card/itis
inflammation of the outer double layer of the heart
73
Polyarteritis poly/arter/itis
inflammation of many sites in the arteries
74
splenomegaly splen/o/megaly
enlargement of the spleen
75
Tachycardia tachy/cardia
abnormal state of a rapid heart rate with >100bpm
76
thymoma thym/oma
tumour of the thymus gland
77
Acute coronary syndrome
sudden insufficient blood
78
anemia
lack of hemoglobin in blood
79
aneurysm
ballooning of weakened portion of arterial wall
80
angina pectoris
chest pain due to the insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle
81
arrhythmia
disturbance/abnormality in heart's normal rhythm
82
atrial fibrillation Ab: AFib
a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by rapid electrical impulses in the atria
83
cardiac arrest
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation
84
Cardiac tamponade
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
85
coarctation of the aorta
congenital cardiac condition characterized by narrowing of the aorta
86
congenital heart disease
heart abnormality present at birth
87
congestive heart failure
inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply tissue + organs, oxygen and nutrients
Ab: CHF
88
coronary artery disease
condition. Reduces flow of blood IN artery to myocardium
| Ab: CAD
89
Coronary occlusion
obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from atherosclerosis
known as: heart attack
90
deep vein thrombosis
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body
Ab: DVT
91
dysrhythmia
disturbance/ abnormality in hearts normal rhythm
92
embolus
foreign objects that enter the blood stream, and lodges or causes an obstruction somewhere in the circulatory system
Plural: Emboli
93
fibrillation
quick contraction of atria or ventricles
94
hemophilia
deficiency in coagulation factor, inherited bleeding disease
95
hemorrhoid
varicose vein in rectal area, may be internal or external
96
Hodgkin's disease
progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, starting in the cervical nodes. Happens because of malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue
97
hypertensive heart disease
disorder of the heart brought about by persistent high blood pressure
AB: HHD
98
infectious monoculeosis
an acute infection cause by Epstein-Barr virus, characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue and fever
99
intermittent claudication
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while
100
leukemia
cause by excessive formation of white blood cells from bone marrow
101
mitral valve stenosis
narrowing of the mitral valves
102
myocardial infarction
death/ necrosis, of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen, resulting from an interrupted blood supply
Ab: MI
known as: heart attack
103
pancytopenia
abnormal reduction of all blood cells
104
Peripheral artery disease
Disease of the arteries (not from the heart or brain), affecting blood circulation
105
phlebitis
inflammation of the vein
106
rheumatic fever
inflammatory disease occurring after upper respiratory streptococcal infection (usually in children)
107
rheumatic heart disease
damage to heart muscles /valves after experiencing rheumatic fever one or more times
108
Sickle cell anemia
hereditary chronic hemolytic disease characterized by crescent or sicle shaped red blood cell
109
thromboangiitis obliterans
vascular inflammatory disorder, usually affects lower extremities
Known as: Buerger's disease
110
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein due to a clot
111
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein due to a clot
112
thrombosis
abnormal condition of a blood clot
113
Thrombus
blood clot attached to a wall
114
angiography angi/o/graphy
X-ray filming of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium
115
angioscope angi/o/scope
instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel
116
aortogram aort/o/gram
x-ray film of the aorta
117
arteriogram arteri/o/gram
x-ray film of an artery
118
echocardiogram ech/o/cardi/o/gram
record of the heart using sound
119
electrocardiogram electr/o/cardi/o/gram
record of the electrical activity of the heart
120
electrocardiograph electr/o/cardi/o/graph
instrument used to record the electrical activity of the heart
121
electrocardiography electr/o/cardi/o/graphy
recording the electrical activity of the heart
122
erythrocyte count erythr/o/cyte
red blood cell (RBC) count
123
hematocrit hemat/o/crit
blood test that measures the percentage of the whole blood that's made up of red blood cells
124
leukocyte count leuk/o/cyte
white blood cell (WBC) count
125
Lymphadenography lymph/aden/o/graphy
X-ray filming the lymph nodes and glands
126
Lymphangiogram lymph/angio/gram
X-ray film of the lymphatic vessels
127
lymphangiography lymph/angi/o/graphy
X-ray filming the lymphatic vessels
128
phlebography phleb/o/graphy
X-ray filming of a vein
129
phonocardiogram phon/o/cardi/o/gram
graphic record of heart sound
130
sphygmocardiograph sphygm/o/cardi/o/graph
instrument used to measure pulse waves and heartbeat
131
sthethoscope steth/o/scope
instrument used to examine chest sounds
132
anticoagulant
agent slowing down process blood clots
133
allergen
something producing hypersensitive reaction
134
anaphylaxis
life threatening reaction to antigen that has been encountered before
ex. bee venom, peanuts, latex
135
antibiotic
drug that kills harmful microorganisms or slows down their growth/ replication rate
136
auscultation
hearing sounds inside the body through a stethoscope.
137
autoimmune disease
A disease, cause by body not being able to distinguish between its' own cells and foreign bodies. Your body produces antibodies to attack it's own tissue
138
blood pressure
Pressure exerted by blood flow on vessel walls
| Ab: BP
139
diastole
A phase in the cardiac cycle when ventricles are relaxed between contractions; the resistance of the vessel walls
140
dyscrasia
abnormal/pathological condition of the blood
141
extracorporeal
Occurring outside of the body
142
extravasation
blood escaping out of the vessel into the issue
143
heart murmur
short humming sound of vascular or cardiac origin
144
hemorrhage
rapid flow of blood
145
hypertension
blood pressure that's above normal
known as: high blood pressure
Ab: HBP
146
Hypotension
blood pressure that's below normal
known as: Low blood pressure
147
immune
being resistant to specific invading pathogens
148
infection
pathogens invading the body tissue
149
lumen
space inside an organ or tubular part
150
manometer
instrument used for measuring the pressure of fluids
151
occlude c
close tightly
152
percussion
tapping surface of the body using your fingers to determine density
153
peripheral vascular
lymphatic vessels & and blood vessels outside the heart
154
Plasma
liquid portion of the blood where cells are suspended, it also contains clotting factor
155
serum
liquid portion of the blood that does not have clotting factors
156
systole
phase in the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract
157
vaccine
suspension of INACTIVATED microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity
158
vasoconstrictor
agent/nerve that narrows lumen of the blood vessels
159
venipuncture
puncture of a vein to remove blood, instill medicine or start an intravenous infusion
160
C- Reactive protein
a blood test to determine the amount of C- reactive protein in the blood, to show inflammation in the body
Ab: CRP
161
cardiac catheterization
an examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels
162
coagulation time
blood test to determine the time it takes to form a blood clot
163
creatine phosphokinase
blood test to measure level of creatine
Ab: CPK
164
digital subtraction angiography
a process of digital radiographic imaging of the blood vessels that removes structures not being studied
Ab: DSA
165
Doppler Ultrasound
study that uses sound to detect blood flow in vessels
166
exercise stress test
a study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress
167
hematocrit
blood test to measure the volume and the amount of RBC
168
hemoglobin
blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen carrying components in the red blood cells
Ab: Hgb
169
homocysteine
blood test used to measure the amount of homocysteine in the blood
170
impedance plethysmography
measuring blood volume and resistance in the vein to detect blood clots by measuring venous flow of the extremities
171
lipid profile
blood test used to determine the amount of lipids in a sample of blood
172
prothrombin time
blood test used measure coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy
Ab: PT
173
Pulse
number of times in a minute the heartbeat is felt on the arterial wall
174
single proton emission computer tomography
a nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles
Ab: SPECT
175
sphygmomanometer
device used for measuring blood pressure
known as: blood pressure cuff
176
stethoscope
instrument used to hear internal body sounds
177
thalium test
nuclear medicine test to diagnose coronary artery disease ; and assess revascularization of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG)
178
transesophageal echocardiogram
an ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus to view the heart
Ab: TEE
179
Troponin
A blood test that measure the heart muscle enzyme: troponin
180
angioplasty angi/o/plasty
surgical repair of blood vessels
181
angiorrhaphy angi/o/rrhaphy
suturing of a blood vessel
182
atherectomy ather/ectomy
surgical removal of plaque using specialized catheter and a rotary cutter that opens the blocked arteries
183
endarterectomy end/arter/ectomy
excision within the thickened interior of an artery, usually named after artery to be cleaned out
ex. carotid endarterectomy
184
pericardiostomy peri/cardi/o/stomy
creation of an artificial opening in the outer layer of the heart
185
phlebectomy phleb/ectomy
excision of a vein
186
phlebotomy phleb/o/tomy
incision into the vein to remove blood, give blood or instill intravenous fluids
Also called: venipuncture
187
aneurysmectomy
surgical excision of an aneurysm
188
bone marrow biopsy
a needle puncture to obtain a sample of the bone marrow
189
bone marrow transplant
infusion of normal bone marrow cells from donor with matching cells to a tissue recipient
190
cardiac pacemaker
battery powered apparatus implanted into the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart
191
coronary artery bypass graft
surgical technique to bring new blood supply to the heart by detouring around blocked arteries
Ab: CABG (pronounced cabbage)
192
coronary stent
a device implanted in the coronary artery to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy
193
embolectomy
surgical removal of an embolus or clot
194
femoropopliteal bypass
surgery to establish alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction
195
implantable cardiac defibrillator
device implanted into the body to continuously monitor the heart rhythm and deliver and electric shock to convert the arrhythmia back to a normal rhythm if needed
196
intracoronary thrombolytic therapy
an injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve bloo clots in coronary blood vessels
197
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
a procedure where a balloon is inserted in the blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque has formed and the balloon is inflated to compress the plaque on to the arterial walls opening up the vessel
198
ACS
acute coronary artery bypass graft
199
AFib
atrial fibrillation
200
AV
atrioventricular
201
BP
blood pressure
202
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
203
coronary artery disease
CAD
204
CBC
complete blood count
205
CCU
coronary care unit
206
CHF
congestive heart failure
207
CPK
creatinine phosphokinase
208
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
209
CRP
C-reactive protein
210
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
211
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
212
ECG/ EKG
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
213
Echo
echocardiogram
214
HCT
hematocrit
215
Hgb
hemoglobin
216
HHD
hypertensive heart disease
217
ICD
implantable plethysmography
218
IPG
impedance plethysmography
219
IV
intravenous
220
MI
myocardial infarction
221
PAD
peripheral arterial disease
222
PT
prothrombin time
223
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
224
RBC
red blood cells
225
SPECT
single-photon, emission computed tomography
226
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
227
WBC
white blood cell
