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CMA: Phlebotomy > Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

Chapter 7

1
Q

ABO Blood Group System

A

-the human blood types: A, B, AB, or O
- these are based on the antigens present

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2
Q

Anemia

A

deficiency in RBCs or hemoglobin, which may be caused by improper function of the bone marrow

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3
Q

Antecubital

A

the area around the bend of the forearm
- it is most commonly used for venipuntures

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4
Q

Anticoagulant

A

chemical agent that prevents clotting

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5
Q

Aorta

A

the largest artery (1 inch wide)

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6
Q

Arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

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7
Q

Arteries

A

highly oxygenated vessels that carry blood away from the heart (efferent vessels)

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8
Q

Arterioles

A

arteries branch out into these smaller vessels

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9
Q

Atria

A

two atria

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10
Q

Basilic vein

A

third site for venipuncture

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11
Q

Blood

A

provides nutrients, oxygen, chemical substances, and waste removal for each cell in the body
- essential for homeostasis and sustaining life

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12
Q

Blood pressure

A

the force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels

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13
Q

Blood vessels

A

key component of the circulatory system, these vessels transport blood thoroughly throughout the body

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14
Q

Bradycardia

A

slow heart rate

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15
Q

Capillaries

A

the smallest vessels (microscopic)
- they connect arteries to veins
- only vessel that permits the exchange of gases (O2 and CO2), fluids, and molecules between the blood and surrounding tissues

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16
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

one complete contraction and relaxation (or pump/ or heartbeat) and the many processes occurring during each beat

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17
Q

Cardiovascular

A
  • the cardiac (heart) muscle
  • the vascular system (network of blood vessels that includes veins, arteries and capillaries)
  • the circulating blood
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18
Q

Cephalic vein

A
  • secondary sites for venipuncture
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19
Q

Coagulation

A

clotting

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20
Q

Coronary arteries

A

oxygenated vessels that supply blood to the myocardium of the heart. If blood flow through these decrease, it induces a heart attack

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21
Q

Diastole

A

relaxation of the heart

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22
Q

Differential

A

a lab test that enumerates and categorizes white blood cells and any abnormalities present

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23
Q

Edema

A

swelling

24
Q

Eosinophils

A

a granulocyte (a smaller component of white blood cells) that defends against parasites

25
Q

Erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

26
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

the production of red blood cells, millions are normally formed and destroyed daily

27
Q

Erythropoietin

A

the hormone that triggers erythropoiesis
- produced in the kidney

28
Q

Heart

A

a muscular organ that is made up of four chambers
- size: about the size of a man’s fist
- location: slightly left of the midline in the thoracic cavity

29
Q

Hematocrit

A

a low volume of packed red cells

30
Q

Hematopoietic

A

blood forming

31
Q

Hemorrhage

A

excessive or uncontrolled bleeding

32
Q

Hemostasis

A

blood clotting at the site of an injury while maintaining blood flow in other parts of the body

33
Q

Hypoxia

A

when a region of the body becomes oxygen deficient (from being deprived of blood/O2) and within minutes the tissues may die

34
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

brings blood from the diaphragm and below

35
Q

Intrinsic system

A

coagulation factors for this system are contained in the blood

36
Q

Leukocyte

A

white blood cell

37
Q

Lymphatic system

A

consists of:
- lymph (fluid)
- lymphocytes
- lymph vessels
- lymph nodes
- tonsils
- spleen
- bone marrow
- thymus gland

functions:
- maintain fluid balance in the tissues by filtering blood and lymph fluid
- provide defense and immunity against disease through the lymphocytes
- distribute nutrients and hormones into the bloodstream, remove waste, and absorb fats and other substances from the digestive tract

38
Q

Lymphocytes

A

a granulocyte (a smaller component of white blood cells) that’s function is antibody production, cellular immune response

39
Q

Median cubital vein (median vein)

A
  • first vein that the phlebotomist should palpate for
  • generally the largest and closest vein to the skin, have a layer that protect the arteries, nerves and bones underneath, best anchored vein
40
Q

Plasma

A

the liquid portion of blood and lymph

41
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

much smaller than other blood cells

42
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A
  • one of the two significant blood flow pathways
  • blood flow from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again
  • blood with low oxygen leaves the heart > enters the lungs to get oxygen > then back into the heart
43
Q

Pulse

A
  • the heart rate
  • measurement of the heart rate = pulses per minute
44
Q

Red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes)

A

blood cells that function to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body

45
Q

Serum

A

the remaining liquid portion of clotted blood specimens

46
Q

Superior vena cava

A

brings blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest into the heart

47
Q

Systemic circuit

A
  • one of the two significant blood flow pathways
  • oxygen rich blood flow to all body regions except the lungs
  • this blood leaves the heart via the aorta
48
Q

Systole

A

contraction of the heart

49
Q

Tachycardia

A

fast heart rate

50
Q

Vascular

A

the network of blood vessels that include:
- veins
- arteries
- capillaries

51
Q

Veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart (afferent vessels)

52
Q

Venae cavae

A

the largest veins (1 inch wide)

53
Q

Ventricles

A
  • chambers of the heart that are in charge of pumping out blood
  • the heart has two ventricles
54
Q

Venules

A

minute veins that flow into larger veins

55
Q

White blood cells (WBCs or leukocytes)

A

blood cells that provide for defense against infectious agents

CMA: Phlebotomy (6 decks)

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