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Anatomy & Kinesiology > Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

blood moves between the heart and lungs to exchange gases

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1
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients and waster throughout the body, includes the heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Blood moves between the heart and the rest of the body to deliver oxygen to tissues

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3
Q

Major Components of Blood

A

Platelets
Red blood cells
white blood cells
Plasma

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4
Q

Platelets

A

in the blood, help with clotting

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5
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

in the blood, contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen

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6
Q

White blood cells

A

in the blood, part of the immune system, fight infections

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7
Q

Plasma

A

the liquid portion of the blood that carries nutrients and hormones

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8
Q

Arteries

A

Carry oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart

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9
Q

Veins

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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10
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occur

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11
Q

Respiratory system

A

responsible for brining in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from the body

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12
Q

Pathway of air

A

Air enters through the nose or mouth
Travels down the trachea
Branches into two bronchi leading to the lungs
In the lungs the air moved into the alveoli where gas exchange occurs

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13
Q

Alveoli

A

tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs

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14
Q

Diaphragm

A

muscle that helps us breathe

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15
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

part of the brainstem that controls heart rate and breathing rate to maintain homeostasis

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16
Q

Heart walls

A

Muscles that contract and relax to send blood through the body

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17
Q

Layers of the heart walls

A

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

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18
Q

Endocardium

A

inner layer of the heart wall

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19
Q

Myocardium

A

muscular inner layer of the heart wall

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20
Q

Epicardium

A

Protective sac that covers the heart

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21
Q

Atrium

A

top chambers of the heart, left and right

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22
Q

Ventricles

A

Bottom chambers of the heart, left and right

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23
Q

Right atrium

A

receive oxygen poor blood from the superior and inferior vena cava, pumps blood into the right ventricle

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24
Right Ventricle
receives oxygen poor blood from the right atrium, pumps the oxygen poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery to reload the blood with oxygen
25
Heart Valves
Open and close to allow blood flow through and keep blood from moving in the wrong direction
26
Atrioventricular valves
AV valve open between the atria and ventricles
27
Tricuspid valve
the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
28
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
valve between left atrium and left ventricle
29
Semilunar valves
valves that open when blood flows out of the ventricles
30
Aortic Valve
opens when blood flows out of the left ventricle to the aorta
31
Pulmonary Valve
opens when blood flows from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries
32
Capillary
connect your arteries to your veins, one cell thick, where gas exchange occurs
33
Heart sounds
produced by the closure of the heart valves, described as "lub-dub" sounds
34
S1
Lub, closure of the atrioventricular valves
35
S2
Dub, closure of the semilunar valves
36
Pulse
rhythmic throbbing of the arteries caused by expansion and contraction of the heart as it pumps blood. A way to measure heart rate, normal pulse rate 60-100 beats per minute
37
Iron
a mineral essential to the production of hemoglobin, found in red blood cells and helps carry oxygen to the tissues
38
Anemia
a condition where blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry sufficient oxygen to your body tissues
39
Iron deficiency anemia
a type of anemia due to insufficient iron leading to the production of less hemoglobin.
40
Pulse Oximetry
measures the oxygen level (oxygen saturation) of the blood using a probe placed on the finger
41
Probe
device that uses light to measure how much oxygen is in the blood
42
Blood Pressure
the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels, measured by systolic and diastolic pressure. normal = 120/80
43
Systolic Blood Pressure
the first number in blood pressure, the pressure pushing against your artery walls when the heart beats
44
Diastolic blood pressure
second number in blood pressure, the pressure your blood is pushing against your artery walls while the heart muscle rests between beats
45
Hypertension
high blood pressure
46
Apex
The superior end of the lung
47
Base
The inferior surface of the lung, sits on the diaphragm
48
Lobes
sections within the lung
49
Lobes of each lung
right lung has three lobes; superior, middle and inferior. The left lung contains two lobes; superior and inferior.
50
bronchial tree
series of passages that supplies air to the alveoli of the lungs
51
Trachea
windpipe
52
Respiration
physical movement of air in and out of lungs
53
Inspiration
breathing (inhaling) in oxygen
54
Expiration
expelling (exhaling) carbon dioxide
55
Nasal Cavity
air enters
56
Pharynx and Larynx
air passages
57
Basic rule of air pressure
Air flows from high pressure to low pressure.
58
Pressure in the lungs during inhalation and exhalation
Inhalation: Lower pressure inside lungs. Exhalation: Higher pressure inside lungs.
59
Muscle reaction during inhalation
external intercostals contract/internal intercostals relax. Diaphragm contracts and flattens
60
Muscle reaction during exhalation
internal intercostals contract/external intercostals relax. Diaphragm relaxes and raises
61
External intercostal muscles
The most external muscles between the ribs; these muscles contract as the rib cage expands to take in air
62
Internal intercostal muscle
The most internal muscles between the ribs; these muscles relax as the rib cage expands to take in air
63
Bronchi
Tubes that carry air between the windpipe and the lungs
64
Lung sounds / Respiratory sounds
noises in your airways (passages in your lungs) when you respirate.
65
Lung volume
Volume of gas in the lungs at a given time during the respiratory cycle
66
Tidal Volume
The base amount of air that is inhaled or exhaled during one respiratory cycle.
67
Vital capacity
total amount of air exhaled after maximal inhalation
68
Auscultation
listening to the internal sounds of the body, typically using a stethoscope, to assess the function of organs and systems

Anatomy & Kinesiology (10 decks)

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