Integumentary System

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

Outermost protective layer of the skin
Composed of keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhan’s cells
Thin layer, 0.1-1.5 mm thick

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

Located beneath epidermis
Contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles
Thicker layer, 1-4 mm thick

Question 3

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Answer 3

Deepest layer
Consists of loose connective tissue, fat cells and larger blood vessels
Thickest layer but varies in thickness to provide cushioning and energy storage

Question 4

keratinocytes

Answer 4

Cells that produce keratin
Found in epidermis

Question 5

melanocyte

Answer 5

Cells that produce melanin
Found in epidermis

Question 6

Collagen

Answer 6

Most abundant protein in the body
Primary building block of skin, muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments and other connective tissues

Question 7

Elastin

Answer 7

Stretchy protein that is responsible for the elasticity of tissues and organs

Question 8

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 8

Organs in the skin that produce sebum, an oily substance that lubricates and protects the skin

Question 9

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Answer 9

Glands that open directly onto the skin’s surface
Located all over the body

Question 10

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Answer 10

Glands that open into a hair follicle
Located in armpits and groin

Question 11

Stratum Corneum

Answer 11

Outermost layer of skin
Contains dead skill cells that protect the skin from UV radiation, heat, pathogens and abrasions (scrapes)

Question 12

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 12

Second outermost layer of skin
Provide extra protection for palms of hands and soles of feet

Question 13

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 13

Middle layer of skin
Forms the waterproof barrier and prevents fluid loss from the body

Question 14

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 14

Second innermost layer of skin
Made of several layers of skin held together by desmosomes (sticky proteins that look like spines)

Question 15

Stratum Basale

Answer 15

Most inner layer of epidermis
One cell thick

Question 16

Hair

Answer 16

Made of keratin
Provides protection for skin, increases sensory function and assists in temperature regulation

Question 17

Arrector Pili

Answer 17

Tiny muscles within hair follicles that pull on the hair causing it to stand up or erect

Question 18

Nails

Answer 18

Made of Keratin
Provides protection for the sensitive tips of the fingers and toes

Question 19

Hair Follicle

Answer 19

Produces and supports hair growth and anchors it to the skin
Located in the dermis

Question 20

Hair Proper

Answer 20

Hair shaft that is visible beyond the skin, provides protection and sensory functions

Question 21

Stratified Keratinocytes

Answer 21

Form the primary layer of epidermis
Produce keratin and aid in formation of protective barrier

Question 22

Dermal Papilla/Ridges

Answer 22

Small extensions of dermis that increase surface area and contribute to the formation of fingerprints

Question 23

Meissner’s Corpuscles

Answer 23

Detect light touch and vibration
Located in the dermis mainly on the fingertips and lips

Question 24

Pacinian Corpuscles

Answer 24

Detect deep pressure and vibrations
Located deep in the dermis

Question 25

Merkel's Discs

Answer 25

Detect pressure and temperature Located in the epidermis

Question 26

Nociceptors

Answer 26

Pain receptors that detect tissue damage and send pain signals to the brain

Question 26

Thermoreceptors

Answer 26

Detect changes in temperature and help regulate body temperature

Question 27

Afferent Nerve

Answer 27

Carry sensory information AWAY from the body TOWARD the brain

Question 28

Coiled Gland of Sudoriferous (Sweat) Gland

Answer 28

Produces sweat to regulate body temperature

Question 29

Duct of Sudoriferous (Sweat) Gland

Answer 29

Transports sweat from gland to the surface of the skin

Question 30

Dermal Arterioles

Answer 30

Regulate blood flow and contribute to temperature control Small blood vessels in the dermis

Question 31

Dermal Venules

Answer 31

Small veins in the dermis that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 32

Sebaceous Gland

Answer 32

Secretes sebum (oily substance) into hair follicles provides protective barrier and prevents dryness

Question 33

Sebum

Answer 33

An oily substance released from sebaceous glands that lubricates skin and hair

Question 34

Arrector Pili Muscle

Answer 34

Tiny muscle attached to hair follicle that causes hair to stand upright Creates goosebumps and aids with thermal regulation

Question 35

Adipose Tissue

Answer 35

Stores energy in the form of fat provides insulation and cushioning Found in subcutaneous layer

Question 36

Stratum Basale

Answer 36

Provides the stem cells that make up the layers of the epidermis Deepest layer of epidermis Contains keratinocyte stem cells and melanocytes

Question 37

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 37

Responsible for making skin flexible and strong Located between stratum basale and stratum grandulosum Contains keratinocytes and Langerhans cells

Question 38

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 38

Forms the cell envelope of of cells in the stratum corneum and help form waterproof barrier that prevents fluid loss from the body Granules within kerotinocytes are visible in this layer Located between stratum spinosum and stratum lucidum

Question 39

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 39

Reduce friction between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum Only seen in thicker regions of skin such as the palms hands or soles of feet

Question 40

Stratum Corneum

Answer 40

Most superficial layer of epidermis that sheds as new keratinocytes are made Keratinocytes become corneocytes in this layer

Question 41

Corneocytes

Answer 41

Strong, dead keratinocytes that protect the skin from harm/damage.

Question 42

1st Degree Burn

Answer 42

Pain with tissue damage in the epidermis

Question 43

2nd Degree Burn

Answer 43

Pain with tissue damage in epidermis and part of the dermis, nerves and blood vessels are intact

Question 44

3rd Degree Burn

Answer 44

Numb or no pain, tissue damage in all three layers, blood vessels and nerves are destroyed, skin is white or blackened/charred

Question 45

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Answer 45

A non-allergic reaction of the skin when exposed to chemical or physical irritants that damage the protective layer of the skin

Question 46

Deep Cut

Answer 46

Affects all three layers of the skin, allows pathogens to enter body causing an infection

Question 47

Melanoma

Answer 47

Also known as skin cancer, uncontrolled division of cells Usually presents as an abnormal mole on the body and is usually caused by spending excessive time outside