Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
what are the major symptoms of septicemia
A
Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, septic shock, petechiae , osteomyelitis
2
Q
mode of transmission of septicemia
A
Often opportunistic or
nosocomial infections;
direct inoculation of
bacteria into the blood
3
Q
major symptoms of endocarditis
A
Fever, fatigue, malaise,
tachycardia; inflammation
of heart valves
4
Q
what is the transmission for endocarditis
A
Usually have obvious
source of infection
5
Q
what is the key association with endocarditis caused by Streptococcus sanguis
A
Viridans strep; also
causes mouth
infections
6
Q
what is the key association with endocarditis caused by Streptococcus mutans
A
Viridans strep; one of
the most common
causes of cavities
7
Q
what is the key association with endocarditis caused by Streptococcus
anginosus
A
Viridans strep; also
causes deep tissue
abscesses with pus,
osteomyelitis
8
Q
what is the key association with endocarditis caused by Streptococcus bovis
A
Often associated with
colon cancer
9
Q
what is the type of pathogen for most of the endocarditis
A
Bacteria (Gram +) besides Escherichia coli is it caused by Bacteria (Gram -)
10
Q
what are the major symptoms of Rheumatic Fever/Heart
Disease
A
Joint inflammation, small nodules/hard, round bumps under skin, change in neuromuscular movements, rash, fever, weight loss, fatigue, stomach pains
11
Q
what is the causative organisms of Rheumatic Fever/Heart
Disease
A
Streptococcus
pyogenes
12
Q
what is the type of pathogen of Rheumatic Fever/Heart
Disease
A
Bacteria (Gram +)
13
Q
what is the mode of transmission of Rheumatic Fever/Heart
Disease
A
Occurs 1-5 weeks following infection with S. pyogenes such as Strep throat or Scarlet Feve
14
Q
what are the kep associations of Rheumatic Fever/Heart
Disease
A
Children ages 5 to 15
are most at risk
, not
common in US
15
Q
what is another name for Brucellosis
A
Undulant Fever
16
Q
what are the major symptoms of Brucellosis
A
Fluctuating fever (spikes
every afternoon), chills,
sweating, headache,
myalgia, weight loss
17
Q
what is the causative organisms of Brucellosis
A
Brucella melitensis
18
Q
what is the type of pathogen for Brucellosis
A
Bacteria (Gram -)
19
Q
what is the mode of transmission of Brucellosis
A
Contact with
contaminated dairy
products or infected
animal parts
20
Q
what is the key associations of Brucellosis
A
Found in sheep and
goats
21
Q
what is another name for Tularemia
A
Rabbit Fever
22
Q
what are the major symptoms of Tularemia
A
Skin lesions/swollen
lymph nodes at infection
site, ascending
lymphangitis
23
Q
what is the causative organisms of Tularemia
A
Francisella tularensis
24
Q
what is the type of pathogen for Tularemia
A
Bacteria (Gram -)
25
what is the mode of transmission for Tularemia
nfected tick
vector or
contact with infected
animal
26
what is the key associations of Tularemia
Lives mostly in rabbits;
Cat A
Bioterrorist
threat
27
what are the major symptoms of Plague (Bubonic)
```
gh fever, swollen
painful lymph nodes
called
buboes
,
bacteremia, DIC,
subcutaneous
hemorrhaging, death of
tissues
```
28
what is the causative organisms of Plague (Bubonic)
Yersinia pestis
29
what is the type of pathogen for Plague (Bubonic)
Bacteria (Gram -)
30
what is the key associations of Plague (Bubonic)
```
aka
Black Death;
Cat A
Bioterrorist
threa
```
31
what is the mode of transmission for plague (bubonic)
Flea bite
vector or
contact with infected
rodent or flea feces
32
what are the major symptoms of Plague (Pneumonic)
Fever, malaise, pulmonary
distress within day of
infection
33
what is the causative organisms of Plague (Pneumonic)
Yersinia pestis
34
what type of pathogen for Plague (Pneumonic)
Bacteria (Gram -)
35
what is the mode of transmission of Plague (Pneumonic)
Person-to-person via
| aerosols and sputum
36
what is the key associations of Plague (Pneumonic)
Cat A
Bioterrorist
threat
37
what are the major symptoms of Lyme Disease
```
Red
“bull’s-eye” rash
(erythema migrans)
;
Neurological symptoms:
meningitis, encephalitis,
peripheral neuropathy,
Bell’s palsy; severe,
chronic arthritis
```
38
what is the causative organisms of Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
39
what type of pathogen Lyme Disease
Bacteria (Gram -)
40
what is the mode of transmission of Lyme Disease
Tick
| vector
41
what is the key association of Lyme Disease
One of the most
reported vector-borne
diseases in US
42
what are the major symptoms of Relapsing Fever
Recurring episodes of
| septicemia and fever
43
what is the causative organisms of Relapsing Fever
Borrelia recurrentis
| Various Borrelia
44
what type of pathogen Relapsing Fever
Bacteria (Gram -)
45
what is the mode of transmission for both borrelia recurrentis and various borrelia of Relapsing Fever
Human Body Louse vector
| Soft ticks vector
46
what is the key association of Relapsing Fever for both borrelia recurrentis and various borrelia
Louse-Borne Relapsing Fever
| Endemic Relapsing Fever
47
what are the major symptoms of Q Fever
Chest pain with breathing, shortness of breath, clay-colored stools, cough, fever, headache, jaundice, muscle pains, rash (not common)
48
what is the causative organisms of Q Fever
Coxiella burnettii
49
what type of pathogen for Q Fever
Bacteria (Gram -)
50
what is the mode of transmission for Q Fever
nhalation of contaminated droplets released by infected animals (dried milk, urine, feces, or placenta)
51
that are the major symptoms of Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
Resemble the flu or RMSF but no rash, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
52
what is the causative organisms of Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
53
what is the causative organisms of Anaplasmosis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
54
what type of pathogen for Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
Bacteria (Gram -)
55
what is the mode of transmission for Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
Tick vector
56
what is the key association of Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis
Both considered emerging diseases
57
what are the major symptoms of Infectious
| mononucleosis
Severe sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes,
| fatigue, anorexia, enlargement of spleen (50%) and sometimes liver
58
what is the causative or organisms of Infectious
| mononucleosis
HHV-4(aka Epstein-Barr Virus)
59
what type of pathogen is Infectious
| mononucleosis
DNA Virus
60
what is the mode of transmission of Infectious
| mononucleosis
usually occurs via saliva
61
what is the key association of Infectious
| mononucleosis
aka “kissing disease”; EBV associated with many other conditions
62
what are the major symptoms of Cytomegalovirus
| infection
Most asymptomatic; complications in fetuses, newborns, and immunodeficient patients -- congenital birth defects, mono-like symptoms, eye infections
63
what is the causative of organisms of Cytomegalovirus infection
HHV-5 (aka Cytomegalovirus)
64
what type of pathogen is Cytomegalovirus infection
DNA Virus
65
what is the mode of transmission of Cytomegalovirus infection
Bodily secretions - requires close contact and a large exchange of secretion
66
what is the key association of Cytomegalovirus
| infection
One of most common opportunistic infection of AIDS patients
67
what are the major symptoms of Yellow Fever
st stage – fever, headache, muscle aches; 2nd stage – remission; 3rd stage – jaundice, delirium,
seizures, coma, hemorrhaging (black vomit)
68
what is the causative of organisms Yellow Fever
Yellow Fever virus
69
what type of pathogen is Yellow Fever
RNA Virus
70
what is the mode of transmission Yellow Fever
Mosquito is vector
71
what are the key associations of Yellow Fever
Arbovirus; named Yellow Fever because of jaundice; BSL-3
72
what is another name for Dengue Fever
break-bone fever
73
what are the major symptoms of Dengue Fever
1st phase – fever, edema,
head and muscle pain;
2nd phase – return of
fever and red rash
74
what is the causative of organisms of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Dengue virus
| 1,2,3,4
75
what type of pathogen is Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
RNA Virus
76
what is the mode of transmission for Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Mosquito
| is vector
77
what are the key associations of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Arbovirus; 80% are asymptomatic
78
what are the major symptoms of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Internal bleeding, shock, possibly death
79
what are the major symptoms of Ebola emorrhagic
| Fever and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
```
Fever, fatigue, minor
petechiae progresses to
severe internal
hemorrhaging,
uncontrolled bleeding
under the skin/from every
body opening
```
80
what is the causative of organisms Ebola Hemorrhagic
| Fever
Ebola virus
81
what is the causative of organisms Marburg Hemorrhagic
| Fever
Marburg virus
82
what type of pathogen is Ebola emorrhagic
| Fever and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
RNA Virus
83
what is the mode of transmission for Ebola emorrhagic
| Fever and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
```
Mode of transmission
to humans unknown;
spread person to
person by
contaminated body
fluids and syringes
```
84
what are the key associations of Ebola emorrhagic
| Fever and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
```
Found in Africa;
Up to
90% of human victims
die
;
Cat A
Bioterrorist
threat, requires BSL-4
```
85
what are the major symptoms of Other
| Hemorrhagic Fevers
Severe bleeding under the
skin and into internal
organs
86
what is the causative organisms of Other
| Hemorrhagic Fevers
Arenaviruses
87
what type of pathogen is Other
| Hemorrhagic Fevers
RNA Virus
88
what is the mode of transmission for Other
| Hemorrhagic Fevers
```
Spread through
inhalation of aerosols
or consumption of
contaminated food or
from fomites
```
89
what are the key associations of Other
| Hemorrhagic Fevers
```
assa HF-Africa; Junin
HF- Argentina; Sabia
HF-Brazil; Machupo HF-
Bolivia;
Cat A
Bioterrorist threat,
requries
BSL-4
```
90
what are the major symptoms of Malaria
```
Fever, chills, diarrhea,
headache, occasionally
cardiac or pulmonary
dysfunction, anemia,
weakness, fatigue,
jaundice
```
91
what is the causative organisms of Malaria
lasmodium falciparum,
P. vivax,
P ovale, and
P. malariae
92
what type of pathogen is Malaria
Protozoa
93
what is the mode of transmission for Malaria
Mosquito
| vector
94
what are the key associations of Malaria
P. falciparum most serious;
P. vivax most commonly diagnosed;
P. falciparum form called Blackwater fever
95
what are the major symptoms of Toxoplasmosis
Majority of cases have no
symptoms; fever, malaise,
inflammation of the lungs,
liver, and heart
96
what is the causative organisms of Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
97
what type of pathogen is Toxoplasmosis
Protozoa
98
what is the mode of transmission for Toxoplasmosis
Inhalation or ingestion
99
what are the key associations of Toxoplasmosis
```
Greatest risk to AIDS
patients and fetusus;
pregnant women
should not clean cat
litter boxes
```
100
what are the major symptoms of Chagas' Disease
```
Chagomas
; fever, swollen
lymph nodes, myocarditis,
enlargement of spleen,
esophagus, colon;
congestive heart failure
following formation of
pseudocysts
```
101
what is the causative organisms of Chagas' Disease
Trypanosoma cruz
102
what type of pathogen is Chagas' Disease
Protozoa
103
what is the mode of transmission for Chagas' Disease
```
True bug (Triatoma)
vector
```
104
what are the key associations of Chagas' Disease
```
Feed preferentially
from blood vessels in
the lips, aka
“Kissing
bugs”
```
105
what are the major symptoms of Lymphatic filariasis
```
Asymptomatic for up to
17 years; Chronic
lymphatic damage can
result in
elephantiasis
```
106
what is the causative organisms of Lymphatic filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
107
what type of pathogen is Lymphatic filariasis
Nematode
| roundworm
108
what is the mode of transmission for Lymphatic filariasis
Mosquito
109
what are the major symptoms of Schistosomiasis
```
Swimmer’s itch
at
infection site; cirrhosis of
lungs and liver;
distended
stomach
```
110
what is the causative organisms of Schistosomiasis
Schistosoma mansoni,
S. haemotobium, S.
japonicum
111
what type of pathogen is Schistosomiasis
Trematode (Blood
| fluke)
112
what is the mode of transmission for Schistosomiasis
Contact with contaminated water, burrows through skin
113
what is the key associations of Schistosomiasis
aka Bilharzia
or
Snail Fever; reemerging disease
