Cardiovascular Assessment

Question 1

What 7 pieces of subjective data could you collect?

Answer 1

1. chest pain or tightness
2. shortness of breath
3. cough
4. fatigue
5. cyanosis or pallor
6. edema
7. nocturia

Question 2

On which side of the body is radiation common?

Answer 2

left side

Question 3

With what condition do people experience shortness of breath, fatigue, nocturia?

Answer 3

CHF

Question 4

What is nocturia?

Answer 4

urination at night

Question 5

What 7 pieces of objective data could you collect?

Answer 5

1. chest landmarks
2. jugular vein distention
3. precordium
4. percussion for cardiac enlargement
5. auscultation of carotid arteries
6. auscultation of cardiac valve areas
7. rate, rhythm, and heart sounds

Question 6

How do you asses jugular vein distention?

Answer 6

patient flat, remove pillow, and turn head side to side

Question 7

What does JVD indicate?

Answer 7

poor cardiac output and pooling of blood

Question 8

What is precordium?

Answer 8

chest area directly in front of heart

Question 9

For what people is the apical pulse palpable?

Answer 9

children and skinny people

Question 10

What does heaves or lifts on chest wall indicate?

Answer 10

hypertrophy of heart

Question 11

What does the bruit sound indicate?

Answer 11

blood turbulence

Question 12

When should bruit naturally occur?

Answer 12

in fistulas

Question 13

In what population is a split S2 sound common?

Answer 13

children and adolescents

Question 14

What does an S3 gallop indicate?

Answer 14

CHF (fluid around heart)

Question 15

What does an S4 sound indicate?

Answer 15

stiff valves

Question 16

What does a murmur indicate?

Answer 16

valve failure or congenital defects

Question 17

How are murmurs graded?

Answer 17

I-VI

Question 18

What is pericardial friction rub?

Answer 18

scratching sound that indicates inflammation of the pericardium

Question 19

What is the normal value of hemoglobin for males?

Answer 19

14-17.4 g/dL

Question 20

What is the normal value of hemoglobin for females?

Answer 20

12-16 g/dL

Question 21

What is the normal percentage of hematocrit for males?

Answer 21

42-52%

Question 22

What is the normal percentage of hematocrit for females?

Answer 22

36-48%

Question 23

What is the normal value of RBCs for males?

Answer 23

4.2-5.4 million/mm^3

Question 24

What is the normal value of RBCs for females?

Answer 24

3.6-5.0 million/mm^3

Question 25

What is the normal value of platelets?

Answer 25

140,000-400,000/mm^3

Question 26

What is the normal value of serum albumin?

Answer 26

3.5-5.2 g/dL

Question 27

What is serum albumin?

Answer 27

blood proteins that help maintain intravascular blood volume related to cardiac output

Question 28

What is the normal value of K?

Answer 28

3.5-5.2 mEq/L

Question 29

What is the normal value of Na?

Answer 29

136-145 mEq/L

Question 30

What is the normal value of Ca?

Answer 30

8.8-10.4 mg/dL

Question 31

What is the normal value of Mg?

Answer 31

1.8-2.6 mg/dL

Question 32

If there is an increase in cardiac enzymes what does it indicate?

Answer 32

cardiac muscle damage

Question 33

What does BUN stand for?

Answer 33

blood urea nitrogen

Question 34

What does BUN and creatine reflect?

Answer 34

kidney function and cardiac output

Question 35

In what conditions does blood sugar increase?

Answer 35

under stress

Question 36

Why are coagulation studies important?

Answer 36

need baseline for several medications

Question 37

When someone complains of CP, when does a EKG have to be performed?

Answer 37

in the first 10min

Question 38

When a myocardial infarction is identified when should heart catheterization be performed?

Answer 38

within 90 minutes

Question 39

What is oblation?

Answer 39

catheterization of nodes to stop irregular rhythm

Question 40

When does the apex of the heart move from the 4th ICS to the 5th ICS?

Answer 40

by age 7

Question 41

What is the relationship between a pregnant female and blood volume?

Answer 41

it increases by 30-40% most rapidly in 2nd trimester

Question 42

What is the relationship between a pregnant women and heart rate?

Answer 42

increased HR because of increased stroke volume and cardiac output

Question 43

What factor of the heart sees an increase in problems as we age?

Answer 43

rhythm