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A&P I (Fall 2022) > Cardiovascular Biophysics (Exam IV) > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Biophysics (Exam IV) Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the CV system necessary for hormone transport?

A
  • Hormone transport through diffusion is too slow & too far a distance.
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2
Q

What examples were given for important nutrients/things moved to tissue via the CV system?

A
  • O₂
  • Ions
  • Glucose
  • Cholesterol
  • Fatty Acids
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3
Q

What examples were given for important waste products removed from the tissue via the CV system?

A
  • H⁺
  • Nitrogenous waste (urea, etc.)
  • Lactate (lactic acid)
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4
Q

The CV system also helps regulate _______ _________.

A

Body Temperature

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5
Q

What is a normal CO for A&P class?

A

5Lpm

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6
Q

What is the prototypical patient used for A&P class?

A

30yo M weight 70kg.

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7
Q

___% of blood is found in pulmonary circulation. How many liters would this be for a prototypical patient?

A
  • 9%
  • 0.45L
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8
Q

How much blood is found in pulmonary capillaries at any given time?
How much of total pulmonary blood volume can be shunted if needed?

A
  • 70cc’s
  • 1/2 of pulmonary blood volume.
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9
Q

___% of blood is found circulating through the cardiac chambers. How many liters would this be for a prototypical patient?

A
  • 7%
  • 0.35L (include atrial appendages)
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10
Q

___% of blood is found in large artery circulation.
How about arteriolar & capillary circulation?
Knowing these how much of total blood volume is in arterial circulation?

A
  • 13%
  • 7%
  • 20% or ~ 1L
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11
Q

What percentage/Liters of blood is in systemic circulation? (i.e. not in lungs or heart)

A
  • 84% ~ 4.2L
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12
Q

___% of blood is in veins, venules, & venous sinuses.
Where, specifically, is most of the blood?

A
  • 64%
  • Large veins (i.e. brachiocephalic, femoral, etc.)
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13
Q

What is the largest reservoir of blood in the human body?

A

Venous system.

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14
Q

What has a lower resistance:
- Blood vessels in series?
- Blood vessels in parallel?

A
  • Parallel blood vessels of lower resistance (Ω). 1/R
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15
Q

What component of the circulatory system essentially controls blood pressure via SVR?

A

Arterioles

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16
Q

What two factors control arteriolar tone?

A
  • Metabolic demands (open or closed arteriolar paths)
  • Nervous system via NE.
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17
Q

What component of CV system has the largest cross sectional area (cm²) ?
What component has the lowest?

A
  • Capillaries (~ 2500 cm²)
  • Aorta (~2.5 cm²)
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18
Q

How long is blood actually in capillaries as it moves through the CV system?
Where is the exception to this?

A
  • 1-2seconds
  • blood moves through pulmonary capillaries faster due to only gas exchange occurring.
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19
Q

What is the cross-sectional area of all arterioles?

A

40 cm²

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20
Q

What is the cross-sectional area of the Vena Cavae?
How does their blood velocity compare to that of the aorta?

A
  • 8cm²
  • Lower than aorta due to increased cross sectional area.
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21
Q

What is the formula for MAP?

A

MAP = DBP + ⅓(SBP - DBP)

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22
Q

What is the perfect MAP for A&P lecture?

A

93.3 mmHg

23
Q

What is the perfect MPAP (mean pulmonary arterial pressure) for A&P class?

A

16 mmHg

24
Q

What would the lowest pressure in the LV be?

A

2mmHg during diastole

25
Q

How would the pressure in large arteries compare to the LV & the aorta?
Why is this?

A
  • Large arteries (femoral, brachiocephalic, etc) would have a ↑ systolic & ↓ diastolic.
  • Large arteries are less compliant than the aorta.
26
Q

What is the arterial capillary pressure and the venous capillary pressure?
What then would be ΔP?

A
  • Arterial capillaries = 30mmHg
  • Venous capillaries = 10mmHg
  • ΔP = 20mmHg
27
Q

LV pressure ________ that of the aortic pressure will open the aortic valve.

A

exceeding

28
Q

LV pressure ____ _____ that of the aorta will close the aortic valve.

A

less than

29
Q

Venous system pressure should be ____ mmHg.
The right atrial pressure should be ____ mmHg.

A
  • 10mmHg.
  • 0mmHg
30
Q

Why is PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance) less than SVR?

A
  • More parallel vascular pathways.
  • Decreased vessel length comparatively.
31
Q

What should the pressure of the RV be?
What should the pressure of the pulmonary arteries be?
What would the pressure in the pulmonary veins be?

A

RV = 25/0 mmHg
PAs = 25/8 mmHg
PVs = 0 mmHg

32
Q

What does Reynolds number signify?
A higher number would mean what?

A
  • The measurement of turbulent flow.
  • Higher # = more turbulence
33
Q

What is Reynold’s Equation?

A
34
Q

Blood vessels can be damaged from turbulent flow. T/F?
What can get stuck in the endothelium from this?

A
  • True
  • Ca⁺⁺ & cholesterol
35
Q

Thicker blood would create ______ turbulence.

A

less

36
Q

Orderly flow along a blood vessel is known as?
Where is resistance least & greatest in this scenario?

A
  • Laminar flow
  • Ω is greatest close to vessel walls & lowest in middle of vessel lumen.
37
Q

___% of blood flow from the LV goes to the brain.

A

14%

38
Q

___% of blood flow from the LV goes to perfuse the heart.

A

4%

39
Q

___% of blood flow from the LV goes to splachnic circulation.

A

27%

40
Q

___% of blood flow from the LV goes to the kidneys.
Why is this?

A

22%, higher percentage for filtering purposes. Actually renal organ perfusion is less.

41
Q

___% of blood flow from the LV goes to the skeletal muscles.
Is this variable?

A
  • 15% for basal tone
  • Variable up to 75% if necessary.
42
Q

___% of blood flow from the LV goes to the skin & other tissues.
When does this change?

A
  • 18%
  • If hyperthermic this % increases to get rid of heat.
43
Q

What primarily determines blood flow to organs?

A

Metabolic demand.

44
Q

What is a normal hematocrit for A&P class?

A

0.4 ~ 40%

45
Q

When might a lower hematocrit be useful? Why?

A
  • Post-MI, lower hematocrit = lower η (blood viscosity) = less work.
46
Q

What is Poiseuille’s equation?

A
  • F = Flow
  • ΔP = change in pressure
  • r = radius of vessel
  • η = blood viscosity
  • l = vessel length
47
Q

Conductance = ______

A

1 / Resistance

48
Q

What is the formula for vascular resistance?

A

R = ΔP/F

49
Q

What does PRU stand for?
How is a PRU calculated?

A
  • Peripheral Resistance Unit
  • ΔP/F → 100 - 0 / 100mL/s = 1mmHg/mL/s = 1 PRU
50
Q

What is a normal wedge pressure in a healthy person?

A

8 mmHg.

51
Q

What is a normal PVR is CGS units?

A

40 - 180

52
Q

What is the conversion factor from PRUs to CGS units?

A

PRU’s · 1333 = CGUs

53
Q

What is a normal SVR range in CGS units?

A
  • 800 - 1600 dynes·sec/cm⁵
54
Q

How are CGS units calculated?

A

SVR = ΔP/CO · 80

A&P I (Fall 2022) (17 decks)

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