cardiovascular blood vessels

Question 1

what are arteries

Answer 1

arteries carry blood away from the heart

Question 2

what do arteries form eventually

Answer 2

capillaries

Question 3

capillaries

Answer 3

tiniest blood vessels

Question 4

function of capillaries

Answer 4

direct exchange of fluids with tissue cells, supplying nutrients and removing waste

Question 5

vessel types

Answer 5

arteries
capillaries
veins

Question 6

purpose of arteries design

Answer 6

high pressue design

Question 7

what makes up arteries

Answer 7

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa

Question 8

what is tunica intima made up of

Answer 8

endothelium

Question 9

what is the lumen

Answer 9

a hollow area made from endothelium

Question 10

clinical conditions that affect tunica intima

Answer 10

when conditions damage intima, it causes a release of chemicals from the endothelial cells that promote an inflammatory response with results like plaque and clotting

Question 11

what makes up tunica media

Answer 11

smooth muscle cells and elastin sheets

Question 12

function of tunica media

Answer 12

it is the autonomic nervous sys control of blood pressure

Question 13

purpose of tunica externa

Answer 13

support

Question 14

what is the tunica externa made of

Answer 14

supportive connective tissue, nerves

thick

Question 15

arterial types

Answer 15

elastic
muscular
arterioles

Question 16

what can elastic arteries do

Answer 16

stretch and recoil to absorb pulsating pressure

Question 17

function of muscular arteries

Answer 17

distribute blood to different body and organ areas

Question 18

when are muscular arteries most active

Answer 18

in vasoconstriction/vasodilation

blood pressure

Question 19

what are arterioles made of

Answer 19

single layer of smooth muscle around the endothelium

Question 20

how is the blood flow regulated to capillary beds

Answer 20

through neural, hormonal, and chemical signals

Question 21

what is arteriosclerosis

Answer 21

hardening of arteries, which causes a decreased elasticity

Question 22

result of arteriosclerosis

Answer 22

increased pressure damages smaller arterioles

increased ventricular effort

Question 23

capillary types

Answer 23

continuous
fenestrated
sinusoidal

Question 24

describe continous types

Answer 24

tight junctions between endothelial cells

few intercellular clefts for passage

Question 25

ex of continous

Answer 25

blood brain barrier

Question 26

blood brain barrier

Answer 26

chemical passage buffered through cell cytoplasm

Question 27

describe fenestrated

Answer 27

small opening provide two way exchange with tissues

Question 28

ex of fenestrated

Answer 28

hormone pickup nutrient delivery waste removal

Question 29

describe sinusoidal

Answer 29

big gapes between endothelial cells permitting rapid interaction/flow between organ tissue cells and vessel contents

Question 30

ex of sinusoidal

Answer 30

leaky capillaries of the liver, spleen, bone marrow where large proteins and blood cells can be easily exchanged between the blood and interstitial compartments

Question 31

capillary beds

Answer 31

smallest vessels work as groups fed by arterioules then wind up as venules

Question 32

what fine tunes organ blood to areas

Answer 32

sphincter valves

Question 33

veins

Answer 33

low pressue, start small and get larger as they join and move blood toward the heart

Question 34

venules

Answer 34

post capillary flow. very thin tunica media and externa allow fluid/ wbc exchange

Question 35

how much of blood will form reservoir if needed

Answer 35

65%

Question 36

what prevents back flow

Answer 36

venous valves

Question 37

vericose veins

Answer 37

valves distort, leak, and swelling occurs in previous section of vein

Question 38

what increases risk of vericose veins

Answer 38

long time standing, obesity, restricted venous return, stress of pregnance

Question 39

where are vericose veins most common

Answer 39

lower limbs, abdomen | in anal, hemorrhoids

Question 40

venous sinuses

Answer 40

enlarged area of endothelium but no tunics for collecting blood

Question 41

ex of venous sinuses

Answer 41

dural sinuses

Question 42

vascular anastomoses

Answer 42

arterial anastomoses | venous anastomoses

Question 43

arterial anastomoses

Answer 43

arteries may divide to form smaller ones but recombine to increase supply to an area

Question 44

venous anastomoses

Answer 44

veins normally combine to form larger ones but sometimes redivide to increase drainage from an area

Question 45

blood flow formula

Answer 45

F=DELTA P / R

Question 46

define blood flow= F

Answer 46

volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ, or entire circulation

Question 47

define blood pressure = P

Answer 47

force exerted on a vessel wall containing blood

Question 48

define triangle symbol = DELTA P

Answer 48

if pressure changes, either up or down, it is written as triangle P

Question 49

define resistance = R

Answer 49

opposition to flow and is a measure of the amount of friction blood encounters

Question 50

what does peripheral resistance refer to

Answer 50

resistance away from the heart

Question 51

what method do arteries, arterioles, capillary beds etc use to decrease R

Answer 51

vasodilate