Cardiovascular changes

Question 1

How much % does resting cardiac output increase?

Answer 1

30-50%

Question 2

How much % does resting HR increase by?

Answer 2

25%

Question 3

How many bts.min does resting HR increase in 1st and 2nd/3rd trimester?

Answer 3

1st = 5-10bts.min

2nd/3rd = 15bts.min

Question 4

What 2 things stimulates the HR increase?

Answer 4

Increased Oestrogen and human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 5

What does Oestrogen and progesterone do to resistance??

Answer 5

Reduce peripheral vascular resistance.

Question 6

How much is peripheral vascular resistance reduced by from the Oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 6

20%

Question 7

Why does HR increase due to the peripheral vasodilation?

Answer 7

To maintain/increase BP.

Question 8

What nervous system is increased so that HR can be increased?

Answer 8

The sympathetic nervous system

Question 9

How much % does SV increase by?

Answer 9

25%

Question 10

What causes an increase in blood volume?

Answer 10

Progesterone increases production on Renin which reabsorbs sodium and makes blood more concentrated - expand plasma volume.

Question 11

What causes an increase in left ventricle size?

Answer 11

Maternal hormones

Question 12

Oestrogen stimulates myocardial … and increased … ?

Answer 12

Hypertrophy

Contractility

Question 13

The increased blood volume which stimulates myocardial hypertrophy is what sort of growth?

Answer 13

Eccentric

Question 14

How much growth in SV even by the 1st trimester?

Answer 14

10%

Question 15

What happens to afterload which means SV must be increased?

Answer 15

Afterload reduced.

Question 16

How much is blood volume increased by?

Answer 16

35 -50%

Question 17

The increased blood volume is offset by an increase in what?

Answer 17

Venous capacitance

• This then means blood pressure is not increased.

Question 18

What is postural hypertension?

Answer 18

Sudden increased in blood pressure when stand up.

Question 19

What mechanisms help prevent hyperthermia during exercise?

Answer 19

Increased vasodilation at the skin, increases heat loss

Question 20

What does Anaemia result from?

Answer 20

Relatively greater increase in plasma volume than red cell mass.

Question 21

How much % is RBC mass increased by?

Answer 21

20%

Question 22

How much Hb is there pre pregnancy and then in 3rd trimester?

Answer 22

150g. L pre

120g. L 3rd trimester

Question 23

Blood becomes slightly … due to increase in blood volume and not as much increase in RBC?

Answer 23

DILATED

Question 24

TRUE or FALSE - White cell production also increased?

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

Extra fluid in system will help protect against what at birth?

Answer 25

Haemorrhage - blood loss at birth

Question 26

Why is there a blood clotting risk?

Answer 26

Relaxation of the blood vessel walls with hormonal changes and pressure of uterus on inferior vena cave

Question 27

How does exercise assist decreasing risk of blood clot?

Answer 27

Increases muscle pump and stop congestion as blood flow increases in legs and feet with exercise