Substrate usage and body changes during pregnancy Flashcards
What does the foetus demand large amount of?
CHO/glucose
What does the increased oestrogen cause hyperplasia of? and where?
B-cell in the pancreas
What happens to maternal insulin production?
Increases
The stimulation of lipogenesis by the mother from insulin production does what?
Increases fat deposition
What resistance may develop during late gestation?
Insulin resistance
What % of women have gestational diabetes?
2-3%
What hormone counters insulin effects?
Human Placental Lactogen
What happens due to reduced CHO use by the mother?
More CHO for foetus, mum has to rely on body fat = lipolysis and reduced adiposity.
Own insulin is less effective so has consequence of negating the hypoglysaemia risk - but what does this do for the foetus?
Leaves more sugar in blood for baby to steel via placenta
What is common in obese mothers?
Gestational diabetes
What % of mums with GDM become type II diabetic 4 years after delivery?
60%
What can happen to the baby from GDM?
Increase birth weight because more CHO available, disproportionate growth, baby at risk of low blood glucose post partum because of high insulin production
How can maternal exercise help?
Lower blood sugar = less insulin required.
What is the incidence of preeclampsia?
3-7%
What are the 6 things preeclampsia are associated with?
- Hypertrigliceridemia
- Insulin resistance
- SNS overactivity
- Atherosclerotic lesions in placenta
- Increased leptin
- Increased risk of becoming hypertensive later (20% vs 2%)
How much % less is preeclampsia in active women?
35-70%
Does exercise decrease or increase C-reactive protein?
Decrease
Why will a reduction in C-reactive protein help with preeclampsia?
Increased Nitric Oxide production by endothelium which will increase vasodilation
Why may leptin contribute to hypertension?
Because of its role in stimulating SNS activity to burn fat which increases blood pressure
How does exercise effect leptin?
Decreases it
Why does constipation and slowing of gastrointestinal motility occur during pregnancy?
Due to increased plasma progesterone and increased uterine size
Relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter leads to what?
heartburn (increased gastric reflux)
Does progesterone have a vasodilating or vasocontriction function?
Vasodilating
What % of women experience low back pain during pregnancy?
60%
