cardiovascular defects Flashcards
What type of murmur is always pathologic?
Diastolic
What are the physiological characteristics of left to right shunts?
- Increased pulmonary flow
- increased pulmonary vasculature
- increased pulmonary pressure
- RVH
- Potential for Eisenmenger’s syndrome (reversal of flow)
A child with recurrent colds and a wide, split S2 has this heart defect?
ASD
What is the most common congenital heart disease?
VSD
The sound typically heard in a child with a VSD is?
harsh holosystolic murmur. The smaller the defect, the louder the murmur. If its a large defect a loud P2 sound will be heard.
What are common exam findings in a child with a PDA?
- harsh machine like murmur that is continuous
- Loud S2
- Wide pulse pressure
- bounding peripheral pulses
What medication can close a PDA?
indomethacin
What are the physiologic characteristics of a right to left shunt?
- decreased pulmonary flow (almost absent)
- decreased pulmonary vasculature
- Deoxygenated peripheral blood
- Cyanosis
What is the most common cyanotic defect of the newborn? What must be present for these babies to be alive?
Transposition of the great vessels
PDA-so give PG’s to keep open
What is a risk factor for transposition of the great vessels?
maternal pre-gestational diabetes. Also have asymmetric septal hypertrophy.
What two conditions are associated with an increased risk of ASD?
Down Syndrome and Fetal alcohol syndrome
What are the two common heart defects associated with Turner Syndrome?
Coarctation of the aorta and bicuspid aortic valve
TORCH infections are likely to lead to this heart defect?
VSD
Supravalvular aortic stenosis is seen in this genetic condition?
Williams Syndrome
Neonatal lupus has this heart defect?
congenital heart block
