Cardiovascular Development

Question 1

When does the primary heart field develop?

Answer 1

Week 3

Question 2

What does the truncus arteriosus become?

Answer 2

Aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 3

What does the bulbus cordis become?

Answer 3

Right ventricle and outflow tract

Question 4

What does the primitive ventricle become?

Answer 4

The left ventricle

Question 5

What does the primitive atrium become?

Answer 5

The right and left atria

Question 6

What does the sinus venosus become?

Answer 6

Coronary sinus, oblique vein, smooth part right atrium

Question 7

After heart folding what is the proximal part of the outflow tract?

Answer 7

Conus arteriosus

Question 8

What is the distal part of the outflow tract after heart folding?

Answer 8

Truncus arteriosus

Question 9

What is the function of foramen ovale?

Answer 9

Allow blood flow from right to left side of the heart

Question 10

What does the sinus venosus become?

Answer 10

The sinus venarum in the right atrial wall

Question 11

What do the vessels that come in and out of the sinus venosum become?

Answer 11

SVC and IVC

Question 12

How do the Pulmonary veins develop?

Answer 12

As a single vein at week 5 that will divide twice to give 4 veins that feed into a single pulmonary vein. Openings become integrated into left atrium

Question 13

Where and when does the formation of the first blood cells occur?

Answer 13

In mesoderm of yolk sac in week 3

Question 14

What cells are made form the yolk sac mesoderm?

Answer 14

Hemangioblasts

Question 15

What do hemangioblasts become?

Answer 15

Haematopoeitic stem cells and endothelial precursor cells

Question 16

How are blood vessels formed?

Answer 16

Mesoderm of yolk sac become blood cells. Hemangioblasts from same mesoderm and become stem cells. Stem cells surround blood cells and form blood vessel

Question 17

What is the name for the process of converting hemangioblasts to a blood vessel?

Answer 17

Vasculaogenesis

Question 18

When does bone marrow begin hemaotopoeisis?

Answer 18

10.5 weeks but the liver still min RBC source till birth

Question 19

What is the inflow tract to the embryonic tract?

Answer 19

Sinus venosus

Question 20

What is the outflow tract of the embryonic heart?

Answer 20

Aortic sac

Question 21

What do the cardinal and umbilical veins and vitelline veins drain into?

Answer 21

Ductus venosus

Question 22

What does the 3rd aortic arch become?

Answer 22

Common carotid artery and internal carotid arteries

Question 23

What does the 4th aortic arch become?

Answer 23

Aortic arch on left

Question 24

What forms the Braciocephalic trunk?

Answer 24

The aortic sac

Question 25

What does the 6th aortic arch form on the left?

Answer 25

Distal pulmonary trunk and initial arteries, ductus arteriosus

Question 26

What do the intersegmental arteries supply in the embryo?

Answer 26

The neck

Question 27

What forms the right subclavian artery?

Answer 27

7th intersegmental, 4th aortic arch and dorsal aorta

Question 28

What forms the left subclavian artery?

Answer 28

The 7th intersegmental artery

Question 29

How is the vertebral artery formed?

Answer 29

The 7 cervical intersegmental arteries on each side extend and anastamose and lose their horizontal connections

Question 30

Which arteries supply the yolk sac?

Answer 30

Vitelline arteries

Question 31

What do the vitelline arteries become?

Answer 31

Arterial supply to foregut, midgut, hindgut

Question 32

What do the intersegmental arteries in the thoracic region become?

Answer 32

Intercostal arteries

Question 33

What do the intersegmental arteries in the lumbar region become?

Answer 33

Lumbar arteries

Question 34

What do the intersegmental arteries become in the sacral region?

Answer 34

Lateral sacral arteries

Question 35

What are the 3 parts of the embryonic venous system?

Answer 35

Vitelline, umbilical, systemic

Question 36

What happens to the vitelline veins in week 4?

Answer 36

Liver bud grows and engulfs them so embedded in developing liver. They expand and form hepatic sinusoids and hepatic portion of the IVC

Question 37

What is the effect of liver growth on embryonic venous drainage?

Answer 37

Means blood has to pass from the umbilical vein to the liver so the left vein takes over from the right. Then the ductus venosus forms to connect the left umbilical vein to the sinus venosus for drainage.

Question 38

What happens to the vitelline veins in month 2?

Answer 38

They remodel and form the portal vein

Question 39

What does the left umbilical vein form after birth?

Answer 39

Ligamentum teres

Question 40

What are the systemic veins?

Answer 40

Anterior and posterior cardinal veins

Question 41

Which vein drains th head and neck?

Answer 41

Anterior cardinal vein

Question 42

How is the left Braciocephalic vein formed?

Answer 42

From anastomoses of the anterior and posterior cardinal veins