Cardiovascular Drugs

Question 1

Hypertension stages and their cut offs

Answer 1

Stage 1: 140/90-159/99
Stage 2: 160/100-179/119
Stage 3: 180/120+

Question 2

Hypertension drugs, first line and second line (give example + dose)

Answer 2

ACE- Ramipril 2.5 OD (10mg max)
ARB- Candesartan 8 OD (32mg max)
^ <55/ diabetes

CCB
Amlodipine 5mg OD (10mg max)
^ >55/ afro-caribbean

Question 3

Hypertension lifestyle advice

Answer 3

DASH Diet
Weight loss
Salt reduce
Alcohol/smoking
Activity (150 min moderate)

Question 4

What is myocardial infraction (heart attack)

Answer 4

Disruption to the blood supply to myocardium causing damage/death to these cells

Question 5

Myocardial infraction treatment

Answer 5

Aspirin 300mg instant

Question 6

Angina Vs myocardial infarction

Answer 6

Myocardial is persistent chest pain for 15+ mins, and not relieved by GTN. Angina is a chronic condition, whereas myocardial infarction is an event needing referral, angina happens on exertion.

Question 7

Stable Vs unstable angina symptoms

Answer 7

Stable: stress/exertion caused
Unstable: unpredictable and happens at rest/ minimal exertion.

Chest tightened, pain spreading down arm

Question 8

Angina treatment

Answer 8

GTN spray (1-2)

Question 9

Heart failure symptoms

Answer 9

The heart cannot efficiently pump blood around the body due to age, heart tissue weaken.

Fatigue, sob, oedema, light headed

Question 10

Stroke symptoms

Answer 10

Face droop (unilateral), nausea, confusion, speed speech

Question 11

High cholesterol causes

Answer 11

High fat diet, alcohol, smoking, menopause, steroids, antidepressant, oestrogen

Question 12

Treatments for high cholesterol

Answer 12

Simvastatin 75mg
(omega 3 pill)