Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
Furosemide class
A
Loop diuretic
2
Q
Loop diuretic mechanism of action
A
inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in loop of Henle
3
Q
Loop diuretic indication(s)
A
left ventricular heart failure, oedema
4
Q
Loop diuretic adverse effect(s)
A
nausea, dizziness
5
Q
Loop diuretic interaction(s)
A
NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors
6
Q
Indapamide class
A
thiazide diuretic
7
Q
Thiazide diuretic moa
A
decreases sodium and chloride reabsorption
8
Q
Thiazide diuretic indications
A
hypertension
9
Q
Thiazide diuretic adverse effects
A
electrolyte imbalance, exacerbation or precipitation of gout
10
Q
Thiazide diuretic interactions
A
NSAIDs, digoxin
11
Q
Bendroflumethiazide class
A
thiazide diuretic
12
Q
Chlorthalidone class
A
thiazide diuretic
13
Q
Hydrochlorothiazide class
A
thiazide diuretc
14
Q
Spironolactone class
A
potassium sparing diuretic
15
Q
Potassium sparing diuretic moa
A
mineralocorticoid receptor blockade
16
Q
Potassium sparing diuretic indication
A
oedema, congestive heart failure
17
Q
Potassium sparing diuretic adverse effects
A
GI effects
18
Q
Potassium sparing diuretic interactions
A
NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors
19
Q
Epleronone class
A
potassium sparing diuretic
20
Q
Amiloride class
A
potassium sparing diuretic
21
Q
Mannitol class
A
osmotic diuretic
22
Q
Osmotic diuretic moa
A
elevates plasma osmolarity
23
Q
Osmotic diuretic indications
A
cerebral oedema, intra-ocular pressure
24
Q
Osmotic diuretic adverse effects
A
hypotension
25
Acetazolamide class
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
26
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor moa
reduces aqueous humour volume
27
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor indication
intra-ocular pressure, open and acute angle glaucoma
28
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor adverse effects
parasthesia
29
Ramipril class
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
30
Captopril class
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
31
ACE-inhibitor MoA
inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Blocks vasoconstriction.
32
ACE-inhibitor indication(s)
hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure
33
ACE-inhibitor adverse effect(s)
cough, hyperkalaemia
34
ACE-inhibitor interaction(s)
lithium, NSAIDs
35
Losartan class
Angiotensin II receptor blockaders (ARBs)
36
Valsartan class
Angiotensin II receptor blockaders (ARBs)
37
ARB MoA
Blocks angiotensin-renin system
38
ARB indication(s)
hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, heart failure
39
ARB adverse effect(s)
hypotension, fatigue
40
ARB interactions
diuretics
41
Sacubitril (plus valsartan)
Neprilysin inhibitor
42
Neprilysin inhibitor (plus ARB) MoA
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide breakdown
43
Neprilysin inhibitor (plus ARB) indication(s)
Heart failure (with reduced ejection fraction)
44
Neprilysin inhibitor (plus ARB) adverse effect(s)
hypokalaemia, hypoglycaemia
45
Bisoprolol class
beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta blocker)
46
Atenolol class
Beta-1 selective beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta blocker)
47
Propranolol class
Beta-1 and Beta-2 beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta blocker)
48
Beta-blocker MoA
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. Negative inotropic/chronotropic agent
49
Beta-blocker indication(s)
Hypertension, stable angina, prophylaxis of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia or fibrillation
50
Beta-blocker adverse effect(s)
Hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm
51
Beta-blocker interactions
NSAIDs, digoxin
52
Doxazosin class
Alpha adrenergic receptor antagonist (alpha blocker)
53
Alpha blocker MoA
vasodilator, decreases total peripheral resistance
54
Alpha blocker indication(s)
Hypertension
55
Alpha blocker adverse effect(s)
Dizziness, headache
56
Alpha blocker interaction(s)
Hypotensive drugs
57
Amlodipine class
Calcium channel blocker
58
Nifedipine class
Calcium channel blocker
59
Diltiazem class
Calcium channel blocker
60
Calcium channel blocker MoA
Blockade of vascular smooth muscle contraction
61
Calcium channel blocker indication(s)
Hypertension, stable angina
62
Calcium channel blocker adverse effect(s)
Ankle swelling, oedema
63
Calcium channel blocker interaction(s)
Beta blockers, digoxin
64
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) class
Nitrate
65
Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) class
Nitrate
66
Nitrate MoA
Nitric oxide release leading to smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation
67
Nitrate indication(s)
Acute angina pectoris (GTN), heart failure
68
Nitrate adverse effect(s)
Hypotension, headache
69
Nitrate interaction(s)
Antihypertensives
70
Adrenaline class
Sympathomimetics
71
Dobutamine class
Sympathomimetics
72
Noradrenaline class
Sympathomimetics
73
Sympathomimetics MoA
Adrenergic stimulation, increased inotropy
74
Sympathomimetics indication(s)
Cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock
75
Sympathomimetics adverse effect(s)
Arrhythmia
76
Aspirin class
Antiplatelet drug
77
Clopidogrel class
Antiplatelet drug
78
Aspirin MoA
Inhibition of thromboxane synthesis
79
Clopidogrel MoA
Inhibition of platelet activation by ADP
80
Antiplatelet drugs indication(s)
Primary and secondary relief for CVD, anticoagulant prophylaxis
81
Antiplatelet drug adverse effect(s)
GI irritation and bleeding
82
Antiplatelet drug interaction(s)
Anticoagulants
83
Warfarin class
Anticoagulant - coumarin
84
Warfarin MoA
Inhibition of Vitamin K epoxide reductase
85
Warfarin indication(s)
DVT, prophylaxis of stroke from atrial fibrillation
86
Warfarin adverse effect(s)
Abnormal bleeding
87
Warfarin interaction(s)
Multiple, notably NSAIDs, diuretics
88
Dabigatran class
Anticoagulant - direct thrombin inhibitor
89
Dabigatran MoA
Inhibition of thrombin
90
Dabigatran indication(s)
Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism post-surgery
91
Dalteparin class
Anticoagulant - heparins
92
Tinzaparin class
Anticoagulant - heparins
93
Enoxaparin
Low molecular weight heparin
94
Unfractionated heparins
Anticoagulant - heparins
95
Heparins MoA
Inactivation of thrombin and Factor Xa via complexing antithrombin III
96
Heparins indication(s)
Prophylaxis of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
97
Heparins adverse effect(s)
Abnormal bleeding
98
Apixaban class
Anticoagulant - direct Factor Xa inhibitor
99
Edoxaban class
Anticoagulant - direct Factor Xa inhibitor
100
Rivaroxaban class
Anticoagulant - direct Factor Xa inhibitor
101
Direct Factor Xa inhibitors MoA
Inhibition of Factor Xa in coagulation cascade
102
Direct Factor Xa inhibitors indication(s)
Prophylaxis of stroke from atrial fibrillation, DVT
103
Direct Factor Xa inhibitors adverse effect(s)
Abnormal bleeding
104
Alteplase class
Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics
105
Streptokinase class
Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics
106
Urokinase class
Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics
107
Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics MoA
Activation of plasminogen for proteolytic breakdown of thrombus fibrin
108
Thrombolytics/Fibrinolytics indication(s)
Myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke
109
Simvastatin class
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
110
Atorvastatin class
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
111
Statins MoA
Inhibition of mavelonate pathway required for cholesterol synthesis
112
Statins indication(s)
Hypercholesterolaemia, risk of CVD and stroke
113
Statins adverse effect(s)
Myalgia
114
Statins interaction(s)
Verapamil, macrolides
115
Disopyramide class
Class Ia sodium channel blocker
116
Quinidine class
Class Ia sodium channel blocker
117
Lidocaine class
Class Ib sodium channel blocker
118
Flacainide class
Class Ic sodium channel blocker
119
Propafenone class
Class Ic sodium channel blocker
120
Class I sodium channel blocker MoA
Voltage sensitive sodium channel blockade. Prolong QT interval, increase QRS duration.
121
Class Ia sodium channel blocker indication(s)
Ventricular and supra ventricular arrhythmias
122
Class Ib sodium channel blocker indication(s)
CPR (used IV)
123
Class Ic sodium channel blocker indication(s)
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and ventricular ectopic beats
124
Class I sodium channel blocker adverse effect(s)
Oedema
125
Atenolol class
Beta-blocker
126
Bisoprolol class
Beta-blocker
127
Metoprolol class
Beta-blocker
128
Beta-blocker MoA
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade (reduction in adrenergic effects on rate and inotropy)
129
Beta-blocker Indications
Prophylaxis of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia or fibrillation
130
Beta-blocker Adverse Effects
Hypotension
131
Amiodarone class
Potassium channel blocker
132
Dronedarone class
Potassium channel blocker
133
Sotalol class
Potassium channel blocker
134
Potassium channel blocker MoA
Potassium channel blockade
135
Potassium channel blocker indications
Supraventricular, nodal and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, atrial fibrillation
136
Potassium channel blocker adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting
137
Verapamil class
Calcium channel blocker
138
Diltiazem class
Calcium channel blocker
139
Calcium channel blocker MoA
Cardiac calcium channel blockade - reduction of action potential and cardiac output
140
Calcium channel blocker indications
Supraventricular tachycardia (especially paroxysmal SVT)
141
Verapamil adverse effects
Hypotension
142
Diltiazem adverse effects
Constipation
143
Digoxin class
Cardiac glycosides
144
Digoxin MoA
Reduces conductivity of AV node
145
Digoxin indications
Arrhythmias - atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure
146
Digoxin adverse effects
Fatigue, nausea
147
Adenosine class
Adenosine
148
Adenosine MoA
Activates adenosine receptor - causes hyperpolarization, slows conduction through AV node
149
Adenosine indications
Supraventricular tachycardia
150
Adenosine adverse effects
Nausea
151
Adenosine contraindications
Obstructive airway disease
152
Atropine class
Antimuscarinic
153
Atropine MoA
Blockade of vagal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
154
Atropine indications
Emergency bradycardia
155
Atropine adverse effects
Urinary retention
156
IV Magnesium Sulfate class
Magnesium
157
IV Magnesium Sulfate MoA
Unclear - possible alteration of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ ion balance via ion channels and transporters
158
IV Magnesium Sulfate indications
Emergency arrhythmia (also emergency asthma)
159
IV Magnesium Sulfate adverse effects
Electrolyte irregularities
