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cardio vascular > cardiovascular embryology > Flashcards

cardiovascular embryology Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

why does the very early embryo have no need of a CV system

A

meets all nutritional needs by simple diffusion

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2
Q

when does the rudimentary CV system begin to develop

A

once the embryo reaches the 3 layer stage

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3
Q

what is three layer stage

A

inner endoderm
mesoderm
middle and outer ectoderm

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4
Q

what do the cells in the splanchnic mesoderm form in haemangioblast cells

A

blood islands

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5
Q

what do blood islands stimulate

A

surrounding mesenchymal cells

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6
Q

what do blood islands form surrounding mesenchymal cells

A

endothelial and smooth muscle cells which form walls around the blood islands.

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7
Q

how is dorsal aortae formed in the dorsal mesenchyme

A

small vessels ( mesenchymal cells) coalesce and bud to form larger communicating vessels.

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8
Q

what leads to the formation of left and right coeloms

A

cavitation of the mesoderm

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9
Q

what does fusing of left and right coeloms to the developing neural plate form

A

one horseshoe shaped coelomic cavity

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10
Q

how does the foetus receive oxygenated blood

A

from the allantois via the umbilical veins

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11
Q

how does the foetus receive nutrition

A

yolk sac via the vitelline veins

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12
Q

is the pulmonary system functional in the foetus

A

no

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13
Q

what forms the cardiogenic plate ventral to the forming dorsal aorta and coelom

A

mesoderm

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14
Q

what does the cardiogenic plate become and what does it initially have

A

endocardial tube which initially has a left and right limb

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15
Q

what does mesoderm around the endocardial tubes form

A

a myoepicardial mantle

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16
Q

what does the myoepicardial mantle give and develop into

A

contractile ability to the endocardial tube and develops into the myocardium

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17
Q

movement of development of the heart in the embryo

A

moves caudally from the head as the embryo matures to end up in the thorax

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18
Q

what is the effect on the endocardial tube as the embryo folds

A

brings the endocardial tube dorsal to the coelom and the two limbs coalesce to form the primitive heart which functions as a single pump

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19
Q

what do the vitelline veins form

A

yolk sac anastomose to the cardiac tube

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20
Q

what does the joining of dorsal aortae to the endocardial tube form

A

first aortic arches

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21
Q

what does the fusing of the aorta caudally to the developing heart form

A

one common aorta

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22
Q

what does further folding of the embryo cause

A

changes cardiac tube to an s shaped structure consisting of 5 portions

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23
Q

what are the 5 portions of the s shaped structure

A

cranial to caudal:
truncus arteriosus
bulbus cordis
ventricle
atrium
sinus venosus

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24
Q

how is blood pumped into the circulation from the sinus venosus by

A

truncus arteriosus

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25
what veins does the sinus venous receive blood via
umbilical cardinal vitelline
26
what does the sinus venosus become
part of the right atrium
27
what does the foetal atrium develop into
left and right atrial appendages
28
what does the foetal ventricle become
left ventricle
29
what does the bulbus cordis develop into
right ventricle
30
what does the truncus arteriosus pump blood out into
aortic arches
31
what does the truncus arteriosus divide to form
aorta pulmonary arteries
32
what does the visceral pericardium form
epicardium of the heart wall
33
what develops from mesenchymal cells between the endocardium and myocardium in the area between the single atrium and ventricle
endocardial cushions
34
what does the fusing of endocardial cushions form and what does it do
septum intermedium separates the AV canal into a left and right AV canal
35
what is the name of thee dividing septum that grows down from the dorsal atrial wall towards the endocardial cushions that divides the atrium in left and right atrium
septum primum
36
what is the name of the channel of communication that remains between left and right atria
foramen primum
37
what forms before the foramen primum eventually closes
foramen secundum
38
how does the foramen secundum form
programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the dorsal part of the septum
39
what is the second septum that grows down to the right of the septum primum
septum secundum
40
what is the foramen ovale
communication between atria via the aperture in the septum secundum and the foramen secundum.
41
what is the septum secundum also known as due to its dividing function
crista dividens
42
what forms when the dilated section of the bulbus cordis joins with the embryonic ventricle
single common ventricle
43
what does the non-dilated portion of the bulbus cordis become
conus cordis
44
what closes the interventricular foramen
differential cellular proliferation
45
what forms the primordial ventricular septum
groove visible on the outside of the heart between the bulbus and the foetal ventricle
46
what does the bulbus become
right ventricle
47
what does the foetal ventricle become
left ventricle
48
how does the ventricles grow
by peripheral growth and internal cavitation
49
how is chordae tendinae formed
replacement of the muscular tissue with connective tissue due to further differentiation
50
what do chordae tendinae attach to
papillary muscles - muscular projections
51
what must be separated to form the pulmonary trunk and aortic trunk
conus cordis (non dilated portion of the bulbus cordis) and the truncus arteriosus
52
what fuses to form the aortico-pulmonary septum
bulbar ridges (thickening along division between bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus)
53
what does the sinus venosus become
sinoatrial node
54
what are the arteries that arise from the aorta and supply developing somites called
intersegmental
55
what is the point at which the dorsal aortae join the truncus arteriosus called
aortic sac
56
how many pairs of aortic arches form between the truncus arteriosus and the dorsal aortae
6
57
what is the connective tissue between the atria and ventricles
annulus fibrosis
58
where does the intersegmental arteries arise from and what do they supply
from the aorta and supplies the developing somites
59
what do the vitelline arteries supply
yolk sac
60
what do the umbilical arteries supply
allantois
61
what is the point at which the dorsal aortae join the truncus arteriosus called
aortic sac
62
what is the aortic sac surrounded by and what does it form
mesenchymal tissue that forms the pharyngeal arches
63
what are the aortic arches lateral to
developing foregut
64
what do the left and right aortic arches become
common carotid arteries
65
what derives from the third aortic arches
internal carotid arteries
66
what is the arch of the definitive aorta formed from
left 4th aortic arch artery, aortic sac and left dorsal aorta
67
where does the left subclavian artery arise from in dogs and pigs
directly from aortic arch
68
what forms the right subclavian artery
right 4th aortic arch artery
69
where does the left subclavian artery arise from in horses and cattle
brachiocephalic trunk
70
what forms the brachiocephalic trunk
portions of the left and right 3rd and 4th aortic arch arteries fuse with the aortic sac
71
what do the first 2 pairs of aortic arch arteries leave atrophy and what do they supply
small maxillary arteries and stapedial arteries which supply the middle ears
72
what happens to the 5th pair of aortic arch arteries
atrophies
73
what do the 6th aortic arch arteries form
pulmonary arteries distal portion of the left 6th AAA forms the ductus arteriosus between the pulmonary artery and aorta.
74
where does coronary circulation arise from
endothelial sprouts near the aortic root and a sub-epicardial vessel plexus
75
where does the recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve pass
caudal to the 6th aaa
76
why is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve more likely to be damaged by stretching or turning of the neck
its fixed caudally at the ductus arteriosus
77
what are the 3 pairs of veins the early embryo has
vitelline veins umbilical veins cardinal veins
78
how is the liver sinusoids formed
vitelline veins pass through the septum transversum providing a venous plexus which is incorporated in the liver
79
what veins contribute to the development of the most cranial portion of the caudal vena cava
vitelline veins
80
function of the ductus venosus
diverts blood away from the hepatic sinusoids in the foetus
81
what does the left umbilical vein remnant become in the adult animal
round ligament of the liver
82
what do the cranial veins drain
head and neck
83
what do the caudal veins drain
body wall
84
what are the 3 veins that arise from the cranial cardinal veins
internal and external jugular veins brachiocephalic veins
85
what arises from the right cranial cardinal vein after anastomosis with the left
cranial vena cava
86
what does the remaining part of the left cranial cardinal vein become
coronary sinus
87
what do the caudal cardinal veins give rise to and what do the drain
subcardinal veins drain the developing kidney
88
what do supracardinal veins drain
dorsal body wall
89
what does the right supracardinal vein become
azygous vein

cardio vascular (8 decks)

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