cardiovascular - lecture 1

Question 1

what is cvs function

Answer 1

organ system to transport molecules and other substances between cells, tissues and organs
network of pump with pipes

Question 2

describe the heart

Answer 2

feeding system
pump = push blood through vasculature
irrigate other organs and systems
important for function of other organs and systems - for daily functions
ensure enough pressure and force - get oxygen to every part of body

Question 3

describe the vasculature

Answer 3

designed to carry out blood - pipes
diff types and sizes
change in size/structure
conductance (respond to systolic/diastolic pressure) vs microcirculation (exchange between blood and extracellular fluid)

Question 4

describe veins and arteries

Answer 4

arteries = carry away from heart - thicker, muscular, handles pressure
veins = carry blood back to heart

Question 5

describe the 2 ventricles

Answer 5

one ventricle pumps blood to lungs (oxygen)
one ventricle pumps blood to body (deliver)

Question 6

describe the blood

Answer 6

nutrients, oxygen, waste
rbcs - erythrocytes
wbc - leukocytes (immunity/inflammation- fight infections)
platelets for coagulation

Question 7

what does cvs bring

Answer 7

nutrients into body - ex: from intestine to liver
fuel to cells - ex: glucose from liver to brain – glucose break down for energy

Question 8

what does cvs remove

Answer 8

waste products from cells/body - ex = co2, urea

Question 9

what does cvs circulate

Answer 9

hormones - ex: adrenaline, aldosterone (water balance), adrenal glands
immune cells and antibodies

Question 10

what does cvs regulate

Answer 10

pH (lungs and kidneys)
water balance (exercise, dehydration)
thermoregulation (exercise - hyperthermia/hypothermia)

Question 11

how can cvs function as a transporter

Answer 11

due to diffusion

Question 12

what is diffusion

Answer 12

movement of molecules from area of high concentration to area with lower concentration

Question 13

give ex of diffusion example

Answer 13

cardiomyocyte
green fluorescence = oxygen
need to feed them, blood vessel irrigating
on avg one capillary per cardiac myocyte
one cell = component, many in heart
many vessels, less distance so makes sure they are fed

Question 14

name 5 factors that regulate diffusion

Answer 14

distance
temp
characteristics of solvent
characteristics of molecule
characteristics of barrier

Question 15

describe distance - regulates diffusion

Answer 15

greater distance
slower diffusion rate

Question 16

describe temp - regulates diffusion

Answer 16

generally high temp = better diffusion

Question 17

describe characteristic of the solvent - regulates diffusion

Answer 17

higher density (amount of molecules) = lower diffusion rate

Question 18

describe characteristics of the molecule - regulate diffusion

Answer 18

higher mass = lower diffusion
albumin = big molecule, do not want to see in kidney, if pass through = bad

Question 19

describe characteristics of the barrier - regulate diffusion

Answer 19

cell membrane - affinity, surface, area size and thickness

Question 20

describe ficks law

Answer 20

flux of gas = membrane diffusing capacity x pressure gradient across membrane

area/thickness x solubility/sqrtMW x (P1-P2)

P1-P2 = concentration difference

Question 21

what happens to diffusion when area of membrane increased

Answer 21

increase area = increase diffusion

Question 22

what happens to diffusion when thickness of membrane increased

Answer 22

increase thickness = decrease diffusion

Question 23

what happens to diffusion when solubility of gas increased

Answer 23

increase solubility = increase diffusion

Question 24

what happens to diffusion when molecular weight of gas decreased

Answer 24

decrease mw = increase diffusion

Question 25

what happens to diffusion when pressure gradient increased

Answer 25

increase pressure gradient = increase diffusion

Question 26

describe o2 diffusing into blood

Answer 26

diffuse into blood
blood poor in o2 so blood diffuses from area to blood
thin line = membrane = o2 can pass through and binds to rbcs
hb binds o2 and allows rbcs to hold on to it
can make gas exchanges

Question 27

describe fibrosis

Answer 27

mass production of ecm like collagen - layer overproduced = air is thicker and sold membrane thicker = decrease o2 exchange