Cardiovascular/Lymphatic System

Question 1

Parts of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Heart (pump) Vessels (tubes) Blood (medium)

Question 2

Myocardium

Answer 2

The wall of the heart, mostly made of cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 3

Endocardium

Answer 3

The thin lining of the cavity of the heart which reduces friction.

Question 3

Systole

Answer 3

The contraction of the heartbeat.

Question 4

Pericardium

Answer 4

The thick, fibrous sac that holds the heart int he center of the thoracic cavity.

Question 5

Diastole

Answer 5

The relaxation of the heartbeat.

Question 6

Systolic pressure

Answer 6

The highest pressure in the artery during each heartbeat. Occurs during teh contraction of the ventricles.

Question 7

Diastolic pressure

Answer 7

The lowest pressure in the arteries during the heart beat. Occurs when the ventricles are relaxing.

Question 8

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer 8

An image of the electrical activities of the heart generated by a recording device.

Question 9

Capillary bed

Answer 9

The network of capillaries servicing a particular area of tissue.

Question 10

Precapillary sphincter

Answer 10

the smooth muscle surrounding the capillary where it meets the arteriole. Regulates blood flow to the capillary.

Question 11

Anatomy of an artery

Answer 11

Inner layer: endothelium

Middle layer: smooth muscle, elastic fibers (allows stretching in high pressure)

Outer layer: connective tissue

Question 12

Anatomy of an arteriole

Answer 12

endothelium

smooth muscle (allows regulation of blood flow to the capillaries

Question 13

Anatomy of a capillary

Answer 13

endothelium

thin layer allows for permeability (nutrients, wastes, fluid)

Question 14

Anatomy of a venule

Answer 14

endothelium

valve (prevents backflow)

connective tissue

Question 15

Anatomy of a vein

Answer 15

Inner layer: endothelium

Middle layer: smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Outer layer: connective tissue

Question 16

Role of arteries

Answer 16

Move blood away from heart towards tissues

Question 17

Role of arterioles

Answer 17

Regulation of blood pressure

Regulation of blood flow to capillary networks

Question 18

Role of capillaries

Answer 18

Exchange of materials between blood and cells

Question 19

Role of veins

Answer 19

Transport blood from tissues to heart

Question 20

The first heart sound in a heart beat is caused by:

Answer 20

the closing of the atrioventrical (AV) valves

Question 21

Heart tissue is nourished by:

Answer 21

blood in the coronary blood vessels

Question 22

The second heart sound in a heart beat is caused by:

Answer 22

The closing of the semilunar valves

Question 23

Oxygen and nutrients move through the walls of the _____ to reach cells.

Answer 23

Capillaries

Question 24

Functions of the lymphatic system (3)

Answer 24

- return excess interstitial fluid to the bloodstream - transport products of fat digestion from small intestine to bloodstream - help develd against disease-causing organisms

Question 25

Function of lymph nodes

Answer 25

House macrophages and lymphocytes which defend against invading microbes and clear cellular debris.

Question 26

Trace the path of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium.

Answer 26

Left ventricle \> aortic semilunar valve \> aorta\> tissues \> vena cava \> right atrium \> right ventricle \> pulmonary semilunar valve \> pulmonary arteries \> lungs \> pulmonary veins \> left atrium

Question 27

Trace the path of blood from the right atrium through the full circuit of blood flow

Answer 27

Right atrium \> right AV valve \> right ventricle \> pulmonary semilunar valve \> pulmonary artery \> lungs \> pulmonary veins \> left atrium \> left AV valve \> left ventricle \> aortic semilunar valves \> aorta \> tissues \> vena cava

Question 28

What is the purpose of the semilunar valves?

Answer 28

To prevent back flow of blood into the ventricles from the arteries.

Question 29

Pacemaker

Answer 29

Specialized cardiac muscle cells of the heart which allow automatic contraction.

Question 30

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 30

The bundle of pacemaker cells which receive signal from the sinoatrial node and spread the signal to the ventricles

Question 31

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 31

The main bundle of pacemaker cells in the heart which set the tempo of the heartbeat

Question 32

Atrioventricular (AV) valve

Answer 32

The valves found in between the atria and ventricles

Question 33

Semilunar valve

Answer 33

The valves found between the ventricles and connecting arteries.

Question 34

Thrombus

Answer 34

A stationary blood clot in blood vessel or heart which may obnstruct blood flow

Question 35

Hypertension

Answer 35

High blood pressure. Damaging to heart because it increases workload. Damaging to kidneys because it reduces the blood flow through the organ.

Question 36

Embolism

Answer 36

A blood clot moving through the circulatory system, which can lodge in a small vessel causing tissue death (heart attack, pulmonary embolism, or stroke).

Question 37

Aneurysm

Answer 37

The weakening of an artery due to disease, inflammation, congenital defect, causes the artery to swell outward like a balloon. This can burst or cause blood clot formation.

Question 38

Atherosclerosis

Answer 38

A buildup of fatty tissue in the walls of an artery, which narrows the opening of the artery causing a reduction of blood flow. Caused by damage to the arterial walls.

Question 39

Angina

Answer 39

A

Question 40

Angioplasty

Answer 40

A

Question 41

Coronary artery disease

Answer 41

A

Question 42

Coronary bypass

Answer 42

A

Question 43

Myocardial infarction

Answer 43

A

Question 44

High-density lipoproteins

Answer 44

A

Question 45

Low-density lipoproteins

Answer 45

A

Question 46

Organization of the lymphatic system

Answer 46

Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphoid tissue/organs

Question 47

Lymph

Answer 47

A

Question 48

Lymphatic vessels

Answer 48

A

Question 49

Lymphoid organs

Answer 49

Tonsils Thymus Spleen

Question 50

Fill in the blanks

Answer 50

Heart\>Arteries\>Arterioles\>Capillaries\>Venules\>Veins