Cardiovascular pathologies

Question 1

Neural pathway of the heart (4)

Answer 1

1. SA node
2. AV node
3. bundle of HIS
4. purkinje fibers

Question 2

first heart sound. ventricular systole (lubb)

Answer 2

S1

Question 3

second heart sound. ventricular diastole (dubb)

Answer 3

S2

Question 4

abnormal heart sound after age of 40

Answer 4

S3

Question 5

S4 is heard after…

Answer 5

S1

Question 6

normal heartbeat

Answer 6

sinus rhythm

Question 7

pulse that is measured directly over the heart

Answer 7

apical pulse

Question 8

cardiac output CO =

Answer 8

stroke volume SV x heart rate HR

Question 9

normal blood pressure

Answer 9

120/80 mm Hg

Question 10

abnormal contraction of the atria causing arrhythmia. Ineffective pumping of blood

Answer 10

atrial fibrillation

Question 11

pulmonary problem causing blue lips, tongue, ears, mucous membranes

Answer 11

central cyanosis

Question 12

cardiac problem causing blue fingers, nails, toes, and nose

Answer 12

peripheral cyanosis

Question 13

S/S of cardiac disease (3)

Answer 13

1. fatigue
2. pain
3. edema

Question 14

measure of how much blood is pumped out by the L ventricle with each contraction

Answer 14

reduced ejection fraction

Question 15

leads to loss of mm contraction of the heart

Answer 15

ventricular fibrillation

Question 16

invasive cardiac test

Answer 16

angiography

Question 17

noninvasive cardiac test

Answer 17

echocardiography

Question 18

chest pain caused by ischemia to myocardium

Answer 18

angina pectoris

Question 19

angina pectoris s/s (3)

Answer 19

1. sharp pain
2. sudden onset
3. overexertion

Question 20

angina pectoris PT intervention (2)

Answer 20

1. rest

2. vasodilator

Question 21

plaque buildup in the aorta. found mostly in older males

Answer 21

aortic atherosclerosis

Question 22

aortic atherosclerosis s/s

Answer 22

none “silent disease”

aneurysm

Question 23

aortic atherosclerosis PT intervention

Answer 23

none. contraindication: heavy lifting

Question 24

hardening of arteries due to fatty cholesterol plagues

Answer 24

atherosclerosis

Question 25

atherosclerosis PT intervention

Answer 25

be aware of clot formation

Question 26

hardening of the walls of arterioles due to fatty cholesterol plagues

Answer 26

arteriosclerosis

Question 27

sudden stopping of the heart

Answer 27

Cardiac arrest/ MI

Question 28

MI s/s (3)

Answer 28

1. dyspnea 2. angina 3. L arm pain

Question 29

MI PT intervention (2)

Answer 29

1. CPR | 2. cardiac rehab

Question 30

group of diseases where heart mm is not getting enough blood. Leads to myocardium hypertrophy

Answer 30

cardiomyopathy

Question 31

cardiomyopathy s/s (3)

Answer 31

1. dyspnea 2. cough 3. ascites (ab edema)

Question 32

cardiomyopathy PT intervention

Answer 32

assist when deconditioning occurs

Question 33

heart is not able to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs due to R ventricular failure

Answer 33

R sided congestive heart failure CHF

Question 34

R sided CHF s/s (3)

Answer 34

1. ascites 2. headache 3. distended neck veins

Question 35

R sided CHF PT intervention

Answer 35

strength, endurance, gait re-ed

Question 36

heart is not able to pump enough blood to meet body's needs due to L ventricular failure

Answer 36

L sided CHF

Question 37

L sided CHF s/s (3)

Answer 37

1. dyspnea 2. cough 3. cyanosis (c and p)

Question 38

bacterial infection of the lining of the heart and valves

Answer 38

Endocarditis

Question 39

Endocarditis s/s

Answer 39

fever and weakness

Question 40

inflammation of the myocardium from viruses or parasites

Answer 40

myocarditis

Question 41

myocarditis s/s (3)

Answer 41

1. fever 2. jt pain 3. LE edema

Question 42

High blood pressure resulting from genetics, diet, stress, or lifestyle

Answer 42

hypertension

Question 43

hypertension BP

Answer 43

140/90 mmHg

Question 44

hypertension PT intervention

Answer 44

Check BP before, during and after tx

Question 45

heart is deprived of blood supply and heart mm dies of anoxia

Answer 45

ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease)

Question 46

ischemic heart disease s/s (3)

Answer 46

1. SOB (shortness of breath) 2. sweating 3. L shoulder pain

Question 47

ischemic heart disease PT intervention

Answer 47

cardiac rehab

Question 48

a result of endocarditis that creates an increased workload for the heart and can lead to heart failure.

Answer 48

valve disease

Question 49

2 s/s of valve disease

Answer 49

1. dyspnea | 2. fatigue

Question 50

valve disease PT interventions (2)

Answer 50

1. mild exercise | 2. stop exercise w/ coughing, fatigue, weakness

Question 51

inflammation of the arteries w/ an unknown cause

Answer 51

arteritis

Question 52

atherosclerosis in the arteries of the brain. major cause of stroke

Answer 52

cerebrovascular disease CVD

Question 53

inflammation w/ nodule formation of small and medium size arteries. no known cause

Answer 53

Polyarteritis nodosa

Question 54

PVD where pt is acutely sensitive to cold

Answer 54

Raynaud's disease

Question 55

inflammation w/ thrombosis that affects vessels of hands and feet

Answer 55

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)

Question 56

atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries

Answer 56

peripheral vascular disease PVD

Question 57

inflammation and clotting of veins

Answer 57

deep vein thrombosis

Question 58

valves of veins do not work well and cause distention. precursor to thrombus formation

Answer 58

varicose veins

Question 59

reduction of O2 transport that is detected by hemoglobin and hematocrit levels

Answer 59

anemia

Question 60

Phase I cardiac rehab time period and focus

Answer 60

3-5 days | ADLs

Question 61

Phase II cardiac rehab time frame and focus

Answer 61

6 weeks Functional activities w/ vitals monitored education

Question 62

Phase III cardiac rehab time frame and focus

Answer 62

6 weeks More intense functional activities w/ less monitoring education

Question 63

Phase IV cardiac rehab time frame and focus

Answer 63

1 year | maintaining fuction