Neuro Disorders

Question 1

Can occur from many factors and diseases, causes cognitive and motor dysfunction, memory loss, poor judgement

Answer 1

dementia

Question 2

lack of cerebral hemispheres

Answer 2

anencephaly

Question 3

injury to the spinal cord resulting in complete or partial paralysis

Answer 3

spinal cord injury SCI

Question 4

Also known as a stroke, caused form a hemorrhage or embolus/thrombus to the brain

Answer 4

Cerebrovascular Accident CVA

Question 5

Loss of oxygen to the brain caused from being under water

Answer 5

near drowning

Question 6

progressive degenerative disease of upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. Lou Gehrig’s disease

Answer 6

Amyothrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS

Question 7

autoimmune neurological disease causing greatest weakness at 3 weeks from onset of symptoms

Answer 7

Guillain Barre

Question 8

external injury to the head causing damage to brain tissues

Answer 8

traumatic brain injury

Question 9

progressive degenerative organic brain syndrome that destroys the neurons of the cerebral cortex

Answer 9

Alzheimers

Question 10

developmental defect in forebrain of the embryo or fetus

Answer 10

Holoprosencephaly

Question 11

Group of disorders related to alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Answer 11

FAS Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Question 12

Autoimmune demyelinating neurological disorder which has two types. Primary progressive and relapsing-remitting

Answer 12

Multiple Sclerosis MS

Question 13

affects basal ganglia where dopamine is not being produced properly

Answer 13

Parkinsons

Question 14

Any injury to the CNS caused by congenital abnormalities before, during, or immediately after birth

Answer 14

Cerebralpalsy

Question 15

caused from poliomyelitis affecting the motor nerves that were spared during the original infection

Answer 15

post polio

Question 16

cerebellum may protrude through the foramen magnum

Answer 16

Arnold Chiari Malformation

Question 17

progressive, degenerative, hereditary disease caused from a mutation on the 4th chromosome

Answer 17

Huntington’s

Question 18

causes rapid and progressive dementia. Is fatal typically within one year

Answer 18

Creutzfeldt Jakob

Question 19

impairment in social reaction

Answer 19

autism spectrum

Question 20

numerous neurons in the brain are fired at the same time leading to a large burst of electrical energy

Answer 20

epilepsy

Question 21

disease of the peripheral nerves which affect motor, sensory, and autonomic systems. Common with diabetes mellitus

Answer 21

neuropathy

Question 22

primitive reflexes are divided into… (2)

Answer 22

1. supporting reactions

2. tonic neck reactions

Question 23

develop immediately after birth, continue through lifetime

Answer 23

righting reflexes

Question 24

develop around 7 months, continue through lifetime

Answer 24

equilibrium reactions

Question 25

originate in the spinal cord and brain stem. include cranial nerves

Answer 25

lower motor neurons

Question 26

originate in the primary motor cortex, terminate in the brain stem or spinal cord. corticospinal (long) corticobulbar (short)

Answer 26

upper motor neurons

Question 27

UMN lesions include... (4)

Answer 27

1. SCI 2. MS 3. CVA 4. TBI

Question 28

Characteristics of UMN lesions

Answer 28

Spasticity, Clasp-knife

Question 29

LMN lesions include... (3)

Answer 29

1. polio 2. peripheral nerve injury 3. muscular distrophy

Question 30

LMN lesion characteristics

Answer 30

paralysis, atrophy

Question 31

controls body movement by inhibiting the thalamus, produces dopamine

Answer 31

basal ganglia

Question 32

made up of structures of the brain associated with emotion

Answer 32

limbic system

Question 33

temporary damage caused by pressure, no permanent damage

Answer 33

neurapraxia

Question 34

most serious PNS injury b/c axon and axon sheath are damaged

Answer 34

neurotmesis

Question 35

"forced use" of the affected extremity. Unaffected side immobilized

Answer 35

constraint-induced movement therapy

Question 36

reeducate the mind and body in unlearning old habits to develop postural awareness and reduction of tension

Answer 36

Alexander technique

Question 37

focuses on the skull, face and sacrum. focus on CSF natural rhythm

Answer 37

craniosacral therapy

Question 38

uses awareness through movement and functional integration

Answer 38

Feldenkrais method

Question 39

Arnold-Chiari s/s (3)

Answer 39

1. dizziness 2. weak mm 3. poor balance

Question 40

Autism s/s (3)

Answer 40

1. speech delay 2. social awkward 3. sensitive to stimuli

Question 41

cerebral palsy s/s (3)

Answer 41

1. seizure 2. hyper/hypotonicity 3. mental retardation

Question 42

Alzheimer's s/s (2)

Answer 42

1. memory deficit | 2. behavioral deficit

Question 43

ALS s/s (3)

Answer 43

1. weakness 2. mm spasm 3. fatigue

Question 44

Creutzfeldt-Jakob s/s (3)

Answer 44

1. dementia 2. weakness 3. fatal w/in 1 year

Question 45

seizure with a brief loss of consciousness

Answer 45

absence (petit mal)

Question 46

seizure with temporary loss of mm tone w/ collapse

Answer 46

atonic

Question 47

seizure w/ jerking and twitching

Answer 47

myoclonic

Question 48

seizure w/ more serious loss of consciousness, shaking, loss of bladder control

Answer 48

tonic clonic (grand mal)

Question 49

Guillan Barre s/s (3)

Answer 49

1. weakness 2. paralysis 3. normally complete recovery

Question 50

Huntington's s/s (3)

Answer 50

1. mm rigid 2. tremors 3. hallucinations

Question 51

2 types of MS

Answer 51

1. primary progressive (severe) | 2. relapsing remitting

Question 52

MS s/s (3)

Answer 52

1. weakness 2. numbness 3. sensitive to heat

Question 53

Near drowning event s/s (3) | range from none to severe

Answer 53

1. pneumonia 2. seizure 3. coma

Question 54

neuropathy (3)

Answer 54

1. pain 2. LOB 3. sensation loss (skin protection!)

Question 55

Parkinson's s/s (3)

Answer 55

1. tremors 2. atrophy 3. shuffle gait

Question 56

post-polio s/s (3)

Answer 56

1. weakness 2. fatigue 3. atrophy

Question 57

TBI s/s (4)

Answer 57

1. consciousness loss 2. dizzy 3. behavior change 4. nausea/vomit