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Human Physiology > Cardiovascular Physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What transports blood towards the tissues

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Pressure is lowest when in the circulatory system

A

Vena cave

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3
Q

Arterioles contain a high proportion of X, allowing them to alter their diameter and thus blood flow

A

Smooth muscle cells

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4
Q

Which structure initiates depolarisation of the atria

A

SA node

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5
Q

At end of atrial systole what happen in the values

A

Mitral valve close

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6
Q

At beginning of ventricle systole what happens

A

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

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7
Q

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction continues until…

A

Left ventricle pressure exceeds aortic pressure

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8
Q

What causes the 2 heart sounds

A

Mitral valve & atrial valve closing

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9
Q

The cardiovascular control centre is located in the

A

Medulla

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10
Q

Which parasympathetic nerve has inhibitory control over the heart

A

Vagus nerve

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11
Q

Which receptor is involved in detecting blood pressure changes?

A

Bararecepter

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12
Q

Poiseuille’s Law states the blood flow is positively related to

A

Pressure gradient
Vessel radius to the fourth power

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13
Q

Peripheral resistance is positively associated with

A

Vessel length
Blood viscosity

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14
Q

During exercise vagus never activity
Increase or decreases

A

Decreases

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15
Q

During exercise, stroke volume is increased via

A

Increase preload

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16
Q

Which two processes increase skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise

A

Increase Cardiac output
Reduced total peripheral resistance

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17
Q

P-wave

A

Atrial depolarization

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18
Q

P-r interval

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A

interval between beginning of excitability of atrial & ventricles

19
Q

QRS

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A

Ventricular depolarization

20
Q

Q-t interval

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A

contraction occurring

21
Q

S -t segment

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A

all ventricle tissue depolarised, contraction occurs

22
Q

T wave

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A

Ventricular repolarization

23
Q

T-p interval

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A

End of t wave to start of P wave

24
Q

General function of circulatory system

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A

• circulate oxygen & Carbon dioxide
• provide cells with nutrients
• removes waste product
• protects body against disease & infection
• helps regulate body temp
• transports hormones

25
Arteries
- High pressure - contain smooth muscle & elastic tissues - lumen space where blood flows
26
Flow of blood
Arteries > arterioles> capillaries > venues > veins
27
Arterioles
- Resistance vessel contain circle smooth muscle - can constrict or relax to regulate blood flow - Allows redistribution of blood
28
Blood pressure=
Cardiac output x total peripheral resistance
29
Total peripheral resistance determinants -
- Vessel diameter - vessel length - blood viscosity
30
Capillaries
• pre- capillary sphincters are a ring of smooth r muscle • contraction or relaxation of the sphincter provides blood flow regulation to meet metabolic requirements • fewer capillaries function at rest than are available • cross section of capillary increases cause decrease in blood flow velocity • provides extremely effective exchange surface between blood + tissues
31
Venous system
• deoxygenated blood enter venous system after oxygen diffuses out at capillaries • blood flow velocity increases due to smaller cross-sectional area
32
Venous return
Veins walls are thinner than artery so lower pressure Veins contains values for blood to flow in one direction
33
Depolarisation
- Interior of cell is more negative - due eto difference cells are polarised - positively charged ions flow into all, less polarised inside initiates contraction
34
Repolarisation- relax
Repolarisation occurs immediately after depolarisation occurs when positively charged ions flow out of the cells causing to become polarized
35
What happens when action potential arrives at cardiomyaste?
• spread along sarcolemma & enter t-tubule ( excitation- contraction coupling • initiates release of calcium • calcium ultimately brings interaction of actin & myosin to generate force
36
What initiates impulse to cardiomyogts?
sinoatrial node - • spontaseously produces action potentials repeatedly- sends impulse to atrioventricular node Atrioventricular node- located new top of septum • receives signal and following a brief delay due to non-conductive tissue transmits it to ventricle
37
ATP limited source
body stores 80-100 g of ATP
38
3 ways ATP can be resynthesise
1) Phosphagen system (breakdown of phosphocreatine) 2) Glycolytic system (breakdown of glucose or glycogen) 3) Oxidative phosphorylation (generation of ATP using fat, carbohydrate and/or protein)
39
Creative-kinase reaction
• Phosphocreatine splits to phosphate and creatine, “donating” it’s phosphate to ADP to form ATP. • This occurs rapidly and does not require oxygen.- 1 step • Limited source of phosphocreatine • 1 ATP produced • induces muscle fatigue
40
Glycolysis
• breakdown of glucose or glycogen, generating ATP. • This occurs quickly and does not require oxygen. • generate hydrogen ions increase acidity of muscle- inhibits glycolysis • can't sustain high rate of exercise
41
Oxidative phosphorylation
• Produces ATP following the breakdown of fat, carbohydrate and/or protein • ATP generated more slowly vs CK and glycolysis • REQUIRES OXYGEN • occurs in mitochondria • 32 ATP
42
Fick equation
VO2= CO X. a-vO2diff
43
Factors affecting vo 2 Max
• modes of exercise - muscle mass involved • state of training • sex • body size & composition • age

Human Physiology (6 decks)

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