Cardiovascular Physiology

Question 1

Poiseuille equation

Answer 1

Q=(P1-P2)/R

Question 2

Variables for resistance of a vessel

Answer 2

Vessel radius
Vessel lenght
Blood viscosity

Question 3

Most important factor determining the resistance

Answer 3

Vessel radius

Question 4

Where does the largest pressure drop across the systemic circulation takes place?

Answer 4

In the arterioles

Question 5

Prime deteminant of blood viscosity

Answer 5

Hematocrit

Question 6

Types of flow in the system

Answer 6

Laminar flow

Turbulent flow

Question 7

Laminar flow

Answer 7

Flow in layers

Question 8

Turbulent flow

Answer 8

Nonlayered flow, creates murmurs

Question 9

Reynold’s number

Answer 9

> 2000 turbulent flow

< 2000 laminar flow

Question 10

Independent variables that determine systolic performance

Answer 10

Preload
Contractility
Afterload

Question 11

Basic cardiomyopathy types

Answer 11

Dilated cardiomyopaty
Restrictive cardiomyopaty
Hypertrophic cardiomyopaty

Question 12

Where are mechanoreceptors imbedded?

Answer 12

The walls of the aortic arch and carotid sinus

Question 13

Afferent activity is relayed to the medulla via which cranial nerves?

Answer 13

IX carotid sinus

X aortic arch

Question 14

NE Receptor

Answer 14

NE binds to alpha-1 receptor to actvate Gq

Question 15

NO function

Answer 15

activates soluble guanylyl cyclase to increase smooth muscle cGMP

Question 16

Determinants of cardiac output

Answer 16

heart rate
contractility
afterload
preload

Question 17

Most compliant artery in the arterial system

Answer 17

aorta

Question 18

fick principle

Answer 18

utilized to calculate the blood flow through an organ

Question 19

major arteries that supply the splanchnic organs

Answer 19

celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

Question 20

% of fetal CO that goes to the placenta

Answer 20

55

Question 21

clinical marker of contractility

Answer 21

ejection fraction

Question 22

clinical marker of afterload

Answer 22

arterial pressure

Question 23

causes for concentric hypertrophy

Answer 23

pressure overload

Question 24

causes for eccentric hypertrophy

Answer 24

volume overload

Question 25

S4 sound

Answer 25

stiff ventricle

Question 26

S3 sound

Answer 26

normal in children

Rapid ventricular filling

Question 27

aortic site of auscultation

Answer 27

second intercostal space on right side, mid-clavicular line

Question 28

pulmonic site of auscultation

Answer 28

second intercostal space on the left, about mid-clavicular line

Question 29

tricuspid site of auscultation

Answer 29

fifth intercostal space at left sternal border

Question 30

mitral site of auscultation

Answer 30

sixth intercostal space on the left side, mid clavicular line