Cardiovascular: Random

Question 1

niacin: SE

Answer 1

flushing (IR)
liver toxicity (ER, long-acting)

Question 2

niacin: forms

Answer 2

immediate-release
extended-release
long-acting
no-flush (doesn’t work as well)

Question 3

hyperlipidemia

Answer 3

high cholesterol

Question 4

TG

Answer 4

triglycerides

Question 5

statins: SE

Answer 5

myopathy
elevated liver enzymes

Question 6

myopathy

Answer 6

diffused muscle pain / weakness

Question 7

Pravachol / pravastatin: DI

Answer 7

Biaxin
cyclosporine
fibrates

Question 8

Mevacor / lovastatin: DI

Answer 8

Biaxin
Sporanox

limit grapefruit

Question 9

Zocor / simvastatin: DI

Answer 9

Biaxin
Sporanox
cyclosporine
fibrates
digoxin

limit grapefruit

Question 10

Crestor / rosuvastatin: DI

Answer 10

gemfibrozil
cyclosporine
anticoagulants

Question 11

Lipitor / atorvastatin: DI

Answer 11

Biaxin
Sporanox
cyclosporine
fibrates
digoxin

limit grapefruit

Question 12

Statins with most interactions

Answer 12

lovastatin
simvastatin
(atorvastatin)

Question 13

Statins with fewest interactions

Answer 13

pravastatin
rosuvastatin

Question 14

bile acid sequestrants: forms

Answer 14

powder
(Welchol/colesevelam also tablet)

Question 15

bile acid sequestrants: mech

Answer 15

insoluble, nonabsorbable resins that bind up bile acids in the gut to reduce cholesterol

Question 16

bile acid sequestrants: SE

Answer 16

lot of stomach upset, gas, constipation

Question 17

bile acid sequestrants: DI

Answer 17

separate from all other meds by 4 hrs (binding)

Question 18

fibrates: mech

Answer 18

inhibit cholesterol synthesis
(to lower cholesterol)

Question 19

CK / CPK

Answer 19

creatine kinease
blood test measuring muscle breakdown

Question 20

increases myopathy risk

Answer 20

combining fibrate with statin

Question 21

fibrates: SE

Answer 21

myopathy
liver toxicity

Question 22

statins: full class name

Answer 22

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Question 23

statins: mech

Answer 23

inhibit enzymes that produce cholesterol

Question 24

niacin (commonly known as)

Answer 24

vitamin B3

Question 25

fish oil: DI

Answer 25

blood thinners (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) [only with high doses of fish oil]

Question 26

fish oil: mech

Answer 26

reduce TG

Question 27

PCSK9 inhibitor: def

Answer 27

biologic injectable for high cholesterol

Question 28

PCSK9 inhibitors: storage

Answer 28

refrigerate store in original packaging bring to room temp 30-40 min prior to inj

Question 29

PCSK9 inhibitors: freq

Answer 29

inject 1-2 times per month

Question 30

Blood pressure: top number

Answer 30

systolic blood pressure pressure when heart is beating

Question 31

Blood pressure: bottom number

Answer 31

diastolic blood pressure pressure when heart is at rest

Question 32

diuretic: mech

Answer 32

water pills remove excess fluid and salt to lower blood pressure (antihypertensive)

Question 33

thiazide diuretics: DI

Answer 33

sulfa allergies (similar structure)

Question 34

thiazide diuretics: SE

Answer 34

dizziness photosensitivity

Question 35

diuretics: lab tests

Answer 35

BUN SCr electrolytes

Question 36

BUN

Answer 36

blood urea nitrogen (kidney function)

Question 37

SCr

Answer 37

serum creatinine (kidney function)

Question 38

loop diuretics: SE

Answer 38

dizziness photosensitivity excessive urination low potassium

Question 39

loop diuretics: DI

Answer 39

sulfa allergies (similar structure)

Question 40

potassium-sparing diuretics: DI

Answer 40

potassium supplements

Question 41

potassium-sparing diuretics: SE

Answer 41

hyperkalemia

Question 42

hyperkalemia

Answer 42

high potassium

Question 43

HCTZ

Answer 43

hydrochlorothiazide

Question 44

diuretics in IV form

Answer 44

Lasix / furosemide Bumex / bumetanide

Question 45

beta-blockers: mech

Answer 45

block action of beta receptors in heart and blood vessels (heart rate slows, blood vessels dilate, blood pressure lowers)

Question 46

bradycardia

Answer 46

slow heart rate

Question 47

beta-blockers: SE

Answer 47

dizziness drowsiness slow heart rate/bradycardia worsening asthma

Question 48

beta-blocker precaution

Answer 48

taper off slowly to prevent reflex tachycardia

Question 49

calcium channel blockers: DI

Answer 49

grapefruit digoxin erythromycin clarithromycin

Question 50

calcium channel blockers: precaution

Answer 50

each drug may come in many different forms

Question 51

calcium channel blockers: SE

Answer 51

dizziness bradycardia flushing edema headache

Question 52

CCB

Answer 52

calcium channel blocker

Question 53

edema

Answer 53

swelling