Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Question 2

Blood vessels

Answer 2

Blood vessels are channels that carry blood throughout your body. They form a closed loop, like a circuit, that begins and ends at your heart.

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

Tiny vessels that branch off from arteries to deliver blood to all body tissues

Question 4

Deoxygenated

Answer 4

body → right chambers of the heart → lung

Question 5

Heart

Answer 5

A muscular pump that forces blood around the body.

Question 6

Oxygen

Answer 6

Once in the bloodstream, oxygen helps replace cells that wear out, provides energy for our bodies, supports the way our immune system functions and more.

Question 7

Oxygenated

Answer 7

Lung → left chambers of the heart → body

Question 8

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 8

The pulmonary circulation, between the heart and lungs, transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen, and then back to the heart.

Question 9

Systemic circulation

Answer 9

The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells, and then back to the heart.

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

Vessels that bring blood back to the heart.

Question 11

Size of heart

Answer 11

At about the size of a fist and shaped like an upside-down pear, the heart lies directly behind the sternum.

Question 12

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 12

It has four chambers, or cavities, and beats an average of 60–100 beats per minute (bpm) or about 100,000 times in one day.

Question 13

Location of heart

Answer 13

The heart is located in the mediastinum in the center of the chest cavity; however, it is not exactly centered; more of the heart is on the left side of the mediastinum than the right.

Question 14

Apex

Answer 14

The tip of the heart at the lower edge is called the apex.

Question 15

Endocardium

Answer 15

The endocardium is the inner layer of the heart lining the heart chambers. It is a very smooth, thin layer that serves to reduce friction as the blood passes through the heart chambers.

Question 16

Myocardium

Answer 16

The myocardium is the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart. Contraction of this muscle layer develops the pressure required to pump blood through the blood vessels.

Question 17

Pericardium

Answer 17

The epicardium is the outer layer of the heart. The heart is enclosed within a double-layered pleural sac, called the pericardium.

Question 18

Atria

Answer 18

The atria are the receiving chambers of the heart. Blood returning to the heart via veins first collects in the atria.

Question 19

Ventricles

Answer 19

The ventricles are the pumping chambers. They have a much thicker myocardium and their contraction ejects blood out of the heart and into the great arteries.

Question 20

Tricuspid valve

Answer 20

Tricuspid valve: an atrioventricular valve (AV), meaning that it controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle. Once the blood enters the right ventricle, it cannot go back up into the atrium again. This valve has three (tri) leaflets or cusps.

Question 21

Pulmonary valve

Answer 21

a semilunar valve, with the prefix semi- meaning half and the term lunar meaning moon, indicate that this valve looks like a half moon. Located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, this valve prevents blood that has been ejected into the pulmonary artery from returning to the right ventricle as it relaxes.

Question 22

Mitral valve

Answer 22

also called the bicuspid valve, indicating that it has two cusps. Blood flows through this atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle and cannot go back up into the left atrium.

Question 23

Aortic valve

Answer 23

a semilunar valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Blood leaves the left ventricle through this valve and cannot return to the left ventricle.