cardiovascular system Flashcards by Jayden Nagoya

P wave

spread of excitation wave over the atria just before the contraction

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QRS wave

spread of excitation wave over the ventricles as the ventricles contract

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T wave

electrical recovery and relaxation of ventricles

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Aorta

largest artery in the body

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Apex of the heart

lower tip of the heart

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Arteriole

small artery

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Artery

largest type of blood vessel;carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

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Bundle of His

atrioventricular bundle

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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Atrioventricular (AV) node

electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) to the AV node

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Atrium

one of two upper chambers of the heart

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Capillary

smallest type of blood vessel. Materials pass to and from bloodstream through their walls

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Carotid Arteries

two arteries located on each side of the neck, branch from aorta to supply blood to the head and neck.

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Coronary arteries

blood vessels branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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Diastole

relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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electrocardiogram

record of electrical activity of the heart

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Endocardium

inner lining of the heart

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Endothelium

innermost lining of blood vessels

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Mitral valve

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle;bicuspid valve

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Murmur

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of heart valves

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Myocardium

muscular middle layer of the heart

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Pacemaker (SA node)

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

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Pericardium

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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Pulmonary valve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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Sinoatrial node (SA node)

pacemaker of the heart

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Sphygmomanometer

instrument to measure blood pressure

Systole

contraction phase of the heart

Tricuspid valve

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Vein

thin-walled vessel that carrie’s blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart

Vena Cava

largest vein of the body; return blood to the right atrium of the heart

Ventricle

one of two lower chambers of the heart

Venule

small vein

angi/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

atrer/o | arteri/o

artery

ather/o

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

atri/o

atrium

brachi/o

arm

cardi/o

heart

cholesterol/o

cholesterol

coron/o

heart

cyan/o

blue

myx/o

mucus

ox/o

oxygen

pericardi/o

pericardium

phleb/o

vein

rrhythm/o

rhythm

sphygm/o

pulse

steth/o

chest

thromb/o

clot

valvul/o | valv/o

valve

vas/o

vessel

vascul/o

vessel

ven/o | ven/i

vein

ventricul/o

ventricle

Arrhythmia

abnormal heart rhythms

bradycardia | type of arrhythmia

failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node and to the bundle of His

Flutter | type of arrhythmia

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

Fibrillation | type of arrhythmia

very rapid, random, inefficient and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more/min)

Congenital heart disease

abnormalities in the heart at birth

coarctation of the aorta (CoA) | congenital heart disease

narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) | congenital heart disease

passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth

``` Septal defects (congenital heart disease) ```

small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles

tetralogy of fallot | congenital heart disease

congenital malformation involving 4 distinct heart defects | -pulmonary artery stenosis,ventricular septal defect,shift of the aorta to the right, hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

Endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

hypertensive heart disease

high blood pressure affecting the heart

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

improper closure of the mitral valve

murmur

extra heart sound, heard in between normal beats

pericarditis

inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart

rheumatic heart disease

heart disease cause by rheumatic fever

Aneurysm

local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

Hypertension (HTN)

high blood pressure

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

blockage of arteries carying blood to the legs, arms, bidney, and other organs

Raynaud disease

recurrent episodes of pallor or cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

Varicose veins

abnormally twisted and swollen veins, usually occurring in the legs

cardiovascular system Flashcards

(77 cards)