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nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent Nerve

A

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Arachnoid Membrane

A

middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Astrocyte

A

type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries in the nervous system

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4
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

protective separation between the blood and brain cells. Makes it difficult for substances to enter the brain

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5
Q

Cauda Equina

A

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

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6
Q

Cerebellum

A

posterior part of brain that coordinates muscle movements and balance

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7
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest part of brain; responsible for voluntary muscle movement, taste, smell, hearing, thought, memory, speech, vision

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8
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

nerves carry messages to and from brain to parts of head and neck and other body parts;12 pairs

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9
Q

Dura Mater

A

thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

Efferent Nerve

A

carrie’s messages away from the brain and spinal cord (motor nerve)

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11
Q

Ependymal cell

A

Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form CSF

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12
Q

Ganglion (ganglia)

A

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

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13
Q

Glial cell (neuroglial cell)

A

supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses. can reproduce themselves: astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

Gyrus

A

sheet of nerve cells that produces rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

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15
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

controls breathing, heart rate, and size of blood vessels; nerve fibres cross here

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

beneath thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp, and pituitary secretions

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17
Q

Meninges

A

three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

Microglial cell

A

phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the CNS

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19
Q

Midbrain

A

uppermost portion of brain stem

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20
Q

Oligodendroglial cell (oligodendrocyte)

A

glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons

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21
Q

Parenchyma

A

essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system

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22
Q

Pia Mater

A

thin, delicate inner membrane of meninges

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23
Q

Plexus

A

large, interlacing network of nerves

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24
Q

Pons

A

bridge connecting various parts of the brain

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25
Sciatic nerve
nerve extending from the base of the spine down to the thigh, lower leg, and foot.
26
Stroma
connective and supportive tissue of an organ (made of glial cells when in the brain)
27
Sulcus (sulci)
depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure
28
Thalamus
main relay centre of brain, conducts nerve impulses between spinal cord and brain
29
Vagus Nerve
tenth cranial nerve, branches to larynx,trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, stomach
30
cerebell/o
cerebellum
31
cerebr/o
cerebrum
32
dur/o
dura mater
33
encephal/o
brain
34
gli/o
glial cells
35
lept/o
thin, slender
36
mening/o | meningi/o
membranes, | meninges
37
my/o
muscle
38
myel/o
spinal cord ( or bone marrow in other context)
39
neur/o
nerve
40
pont/o
pons
41
radicul/o
nerve root (of spinal nerves)
42
thalam/o
thalamus
43
thec/o
sheath (refers to meninges)
44
vag/o
vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)
45
alges/o | -algesia
sensitivity to pain
46
-algia
pain
47
caus/o
burning
48
comat/o
deep sleep (coma)
49
esthesi/o | -esthesia
feeling, nervous sensation
50
``` kines/o kinesi/o -kinesia -kinesis -kinetic ```
movement
51
-lepsy
seizure
52
lex/o
word, phrase
53
-paresis
weakness
54
-phasia
speech
55
-plegia
paralysis, impaired movement
56
-praxia
action
57
-sthenia
strength
58
syncop/o
to cut off, cut short
59
tax/o
order, coordination
60
Hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain
61
Spina Bifida
congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)
62
Alzheimer’s Disease
Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning
63
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | ALS
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem
64
Epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
65
Huntington disease
hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration
66
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and it’s replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
67
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
68
Palsy
paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)
69
Parkinson’s disease
degeneration of neurons in the basil ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
70
Tourette syndrome
involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words
71
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
72
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis
73
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) encephalopathy
Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS
74
Cerebral concussion
type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head
75
Cerebral contusion
bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head
76
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke 1. thrombotic-blood clot in artery 2. embolic- dislodged thrombus 3. hemorrhagic- artery ruptures
77
cerebral angiography
x-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material
78
computed tomography (CT) of the brain
computerized x-ray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
79
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord
80
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells
81
Doppler ultrasound studies
sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries
82
electroenchephalography (EEG)
recording of the electrical activity of the brain
83
lumbar puncture (LP)
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis
84
stereotactic radiosurgery
use of specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain
85
Absence seizure
form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings
86
Aneurysm
enlarged, weakened area in the arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA (stroke)
87
Astrosytoma
malignant brain tumour of astrocytes
88
aura
peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset (prodromal) of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure
89
dementia
mental decline and deterioration
90
demyelination
destruction of myelin on axons of neurons (as in MS)
91
Embolus
clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel
92
Gait
manner of walking
93
ictal event
pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure
94
Occlusion
blockage
95
Palliative
relieving but not curing symptoms
96
thymectomy
removal of thymus gland
97
TIA
transient ischemic attack. occurs with strokes and characterized by limited course of neurological deficits
98
tonic-clonic seizure
major (grand mal) convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements

medical terminology (12 decks)

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