cardiovascular system

Question 1

what is the cardiovascular system consist of

Answer 1

the heart
blood vessels

Question 2

what is the fuction of the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

transport of blood to and from tissues

Question 3

what does the blood transport

Answer 3

it transports o2 and nutrients to the tissues
and co2 and waste products to the lungs and kidneys for removal

Question 4

what is the structure of the heart { tip from outside inward }

Answer 4

1 the heart is surrounded by a thin membrane called pericardium
2 the heart has two upper chamber called atria which have ear like projections called auricle and are sepparated by interatrial septum
3 and two lower chambers call ventricles that are separated by interventerical septum

Question 5

locate the heart

Answer 5

in the middle of the thorax
above diaphragm
slightly to the left

Question 6

what is portal circulation

Answer 6

the circulation between two sets of capillaries

Question 7

where could portal circulation be found

Answer 7

between the digestive tract and the liver
in pitutarry gland

Question 8

what happens in portal circulation in intestinal tract

Answer 8

blood from the stomach , spleen , pancreas and intestine don’t go directly to the heart but drain into the liver via a portal vien
the portal vein then branches into capillaries in the liver which then drain in the hepatic vein then into infrior vena cava the the right atrium

Question 9

what is a systemic vein

Answer 9

a vein that starts with a cappilary and end with a bigger vein

Question 10

what is a portal vein

Answer 10

a vein the starts by a cappilary and end with a capillary

Question 11

what are arterries

Answer 11

vessels that carry blood away from the heart and distribute it to tissues through branches

Question 12

what are the types of arteries

Answer 12

anastomotic arteries
end arteries
wavy arteries

Question 13

what are anastomotic arteries

Answer 13

arteries whose terminal branches communicate with those of adjacent arteries

Question 14

what is the function of anastomotic arteries

Answer 14

they provide collateral circulation when an artery becomes occluded

Question 15

site of anastomotic arteries

Answer 15

around the joints of the limbs
in hand and foot
at the base of the brain
in abdomen

Question 16

what are end arteries

Answer 16

they are arteries whose terminal branches do’t anastomose with adjacent arteries

Question 17

what is the problem with end arteries

Answer 17

their occlusion disrupt the blood supply to that organ leading to ischemia and infarction

Question 18

sites of end arteries

Answer 18

retinal and renal arteries
cerebral and coronary arteries

Question 19

what are wavy arteries

Answer 19

they are arteries with a wavy course as they lead to an expansible or moving organ

Question 20

sites of wavy arteries

Answer 20

facial artery
splenic artery
uterine artery
lingual artery
{ falus }

Question 21

what are the types of veins with locations

Answer 21

superficial viens :superficial fascia
deep veins : accompanies arteries
dural sinuses : in the skull between dural layers

Question 22

give one difference between arteries and vein

Answer 22

arteries are divided into branches
but veins are collected from tributaries

Question 23

what are capillaries

Answer 23

they are simple vascular endothelial network between venules and arterioloes

Question 24

why does capillaries have very thin walls

Answer 24

to allow / facilitate the exchange of co2 , o2 , nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue fluid

Question 25

where are capillaries absent

Answer 25

cartilage cornea epidermis of the skin

Question 26

another name for shunt vessel

Answer 26

arteriovenous anastomosis

Question 27

what is arteriovenous anastomosis

Answer 27

direst communitation between **arteriole** and **venule** **PROXIMAL** to capillaries

Question 28

sites of shunt vessel

Answer 28

intestine derms of the skin erictile tissue in sex organ tip of the tongue , nose , tips and euricle of the ear

Question 29

what is the function of shunt intestine

Answer 29

to regulate the rate of absorption

Question 30

function of shunt in erictile tissue

Answer 30

regulate erection

Question 31

function of shunt in dermis of the skin

Answer 31

regulate body temp

Question 32

what are blood sinusoids

Answer 32

wide tubular spaces lined incompletely with phagocytic cells

Question 33

where are blood sinusoids found

Answer 33

liver spleen bone marrow

Question 34

what systems is the lymphatic system part of

Answer 34

circulatory system immune system

Question 35

what is lymph

Answer 35

a clear water like **extracellular** fluid

Question 36

what is the function of lymph

Answer 36

1 drainage of extracellular tissue fluid into blood stream 2 removal of tissue debris and microorganisms

Question 37

how is lymph formed

Answer 37

1 blood flow from arterioles to cappillaries fluid leaks from capillaries carrying o2 and nutrients 2 metabolism takes place usig o2 and nutrients and produces co2 and waste products whch diffuses back into the venus side of the capillaries 3 the remaining fluid in the extra spaces { extracellular fluid } is reabsorbed by lymph capillaries back to venous system

Question 38

what is lacteal

Answer 38

lymph **capillaries** that recieve absorbed fat from the small intestine

Question 39

what are lymph capillaries

Answer 39

a **network** of **fine** blind ended **capillaries**

Question 40

lymphatics are absent in

Answer 40

cns teeth bone marrow cornea

Question 41

what is lymph vessel

Answer 41

a group of lymph capillaries join together to form a thin walled vessel

Question 42

what are lymph ducts

Answer 42

the lymph vessels unite to form lymphatic duct

Question 43

what does the right lymphatic duct drain blood from and where does it end

Answer 43

from : right side of the neck right side of the head right side of thorax right upper limb end in : th ejunction between right subclavian vein and inter**nal** jagular vein

Question 44

what does the thoracic duct drain blood from and where does it end

Answer 44

the rest of the body begin in the abdomen as cisterna cyli and ascends through thorax end in the junction between left sub clavian vein and internal jagular vein

Question 45

what are lymph nodes

Answer 45

small oval bodies of lymphatic tissues along lymphatic vessels thrpugh which lymph is filter

Question 46

what are the functions of lymphatic nodes

Answer 46

filterig stations formstion of lymphocytes formation of antibodies

Question 47

what are the important group of lymph nodes

Answer 47

axillary cervical mediastinal aortic iliac

Question 48

what is axillary Ln for

Answer 48

breast and upper limb

Question 49

what is mediastinal Ln for

Answer 49

thorax

Question 50

what is cervical Ln for

Answer 50

head and neck

Question 51

what is aortic Ln for

Answer 51

abdomen

Question 52

what is iliac Ln for

Answer 52

pelvis

Question 53

what is lymphoid tissue

Answer 53

collection of lymphoid tissue other than lymoh node

Question 54

what is the function of lymphoid tissue

Answer 54

defense mechanism for the body

Question 55

what is veins made of and spony bone made of

Answer 55

vein tirbutaries spongy trabiculae

Question 56

ex of lymphoid tissues

Answer 56

palatine tonsils adenoid thymus spleen

Question 57

el spleen feeh talat 7agat eeh homma

Answer 57

lymphoid tissue blood sinusoid wavy arteries