Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(31 cards)
how to grade edema
1 - no visual swelling, slight indentation (2mm). 2 - moderate indentation (4mm). 3 - swollen, deep pitting remains for a short time (6mm). 4 - grossly swollen, pitting lasts a long time (8mm)
pulse quality means what
how well perfusion is
how to grade pulses
0 - no pulse. 1 - diminished. 2 - expected. 3 - strong. 4 - bounding
peripheral pulses include
radial, brachial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
how to grade murmurs
I - barely audible. II - faint but audible. III - moderately loud. IV - loud, with thrill. V - very loud with thrill. VI - heard with stethoscope barely lifted off chest, with thrill
holosystolic or pansystolic murmurs
heard throughout systole
systolic murmurs may indicate these diseases
mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation. MR PASS MVP
systolic murmur due to aortic stenosis sign
loudest at second right intercostal space at base, midsystolic
systolic murmur due to mitral valve prolapse sign
best heard at apex, loud then soft
systolic murmur due to mitral regurgitation sign
loud blowing, best heard at apex and radiates to L axilla
diastolic murmurs may indicates these diseases
aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis. MS ARD
diastolic murmur due to aortic regurgitation sign
heard at 3rd left intercostal space at base, softer
diastolic murmur due to mitral stenosis sign
heard best at apex in left lateral position, rumbling
S3 sound is heard when
after S2
S3 is caused by
decreased compliance of ventricles, dilated too much
S3 is an early sign of
heart failure and volume overload
S4 sound is heard when
before S1
S4 is caused by
decreased compliance of the ventricles, systolic overload, hypertension
Systole (S1) sound and when
Lub, Before S2
Diastole (S2) sound and when
Dub, before S1
valves involved in diastole
pulmonic and aortic
valves involved in systole
tricuspid and mitral
Aortic auscultation
S2 is louder, end of systole
Pulmonic auscultation
S2 is louder, end of systole
