Musculoskeletal

Question 1

6 parts in evaluating gait

Answer 1

heel strike, toe-push off, swing phase, mid-stance, posture, and toes pointing

Question 2

posture should be what during walking

Answer 2

erect

Question 3

toes should point where during walking

Answer 3

forward

Question 4

arms should swing how during walking

Answer 4

in opposition with the legs

Question 5

how wide should mid-stance be

Answer 5

2 to 4 inches

Question 6

what should patient push off with when walking

Answer 6

ball of foot

Question 7

how should the heel strike the floor while walking

Answer 7

heel should be first, then the rest of the foot flat on the floor (heel - toe)

Question 8

describe Get up and Go test

Answer 8

10 second test, rise without armrests, stand, walk 10 feet and turn around, sit back down.

Question 9

how to grade muscle strength

Answer 9

0 = paralysis, 1 = slight contraction, 2 = ROM but not against gravity, 3 = ROM but not against resistance, 4 = ROM against some resistance, 5 = ROM against full resistance (normal)

Question 10

flexion

Answer 10

bending limb at a joint

Question 11

adduction

Answer 11

moving limb toward midline of body

Question 12

supination

Answer 12

turning forearm or palm is up

Question 13

extension

Answer 13

straightening limb at a joint

Question 14

abduction

Answer 14

moving limb away from midline

Question 15

pronation

Answer 15

turning forearm so palm is down

Question 16

inversion

Answer 16

moving sole of foot inward at ankle

Question 17

eversion

Answer 17

moving sole of foot outward at ankle

Question 18

circumduction

Answer 18

moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

Question 19

rotation

Answer 19

moving the head around an axis

Question 20

elevation

Answer 20

raising a body part

Question 21

depression

Answer 21

lowering a body part

Question 22

MCP stands for

Answer 22

metacarpophalangeal

Question 23

DIP stands for

Answer 23

distal interphalangeal

Question 24

PIP stands for

Answer 24

proximal interphalangeal

Question 25

Order of MCP, DIP and PIP from fingertips to palm

Answer 25

DIP, PIP, MCP

Question 26

what finger only has DIP and MCP

Answer 26

the thumb

Question 27

What are thenar eminence

Answer 27

muscles at thumb, allow for gripping and carrying

Question 28

ligaments connect what to what

Answer 28

bone to bone

Question 29

tendons connect what to what

Answer 29

bone to muscle

Question 30

bursae are

Answer 30

sacs filled with synovial fluid

Question 31

older adults are more susceptible for this bone disease

Answer 31

osteoporosis, bones losing minerals

Question 32

osteoporosis causes what in older adults

Answer 32

height shrinks

Question 33

what is bouchard's sign and what is it a sign of

Answer 33

hard nontender nodules in PIP joints, sign of osteoarthritis

Question 34

what is heberden's sign and what is it a sign of

Answer 34

hard nontender nodules in DIP joints, sign of osteoarthritis

Question 35

3 spinal curves include

Answer 35

cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis

Question 36

5 areas for body alignment

Answer 36

shoulders, scapula, hips, gluteal folds, popliteal creases

Question 37

scoliosis is

Answer 37

S curve of the thoracic and lumbar spine

Question 38

2 signs of scoliosis

Answer 38

scapular winging and flank/rib flaring

Question 39

what curve of the spine is affected during pregnancy

Answer 39

lumber lordosis, becomes more concave

Question 40

older adults can develop what curve

Answer 40

C curve, Dowager's hump, outward curve of the spine

Question 41

what is boutonniere deformity and what is it a sign of

Answer 41

hyperextension of DIP, sign of rheumatoid arthritis

Question 42

what is swan neck deformity and what is it a sign of

Answer 42

hyperextension of PIP, sign of rheumatoid arthritis

Question 43

what is dupuytren's contracture

Answer 43

knots of tissue that pull the tendons of the hand, causing bent fingers