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cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

Cardiovascular system consists of ?

A

Heart and Blood vessels

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2
Q

Functions of Cardiovascular system OR Heart ?

A

📌 Heart pumps blood to different Organs and tissues.
📌Blood is carried by blood vessels.
📌Heart produces a hormone known as ANP / Atrial Natriuretic Peptide.
📌ANP ; controls sodium level in the body.

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3
Q

Heart pumps blood to ?

A

Different Organs and Tissues

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4
Q

The blood is carried by ?

A

The Blood vessels

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5
Q

Heart produces a Hormone Known as ?

A

ANP / Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

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6
Q

ANP/ Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
controls _______ level in the body.

A

Sodium level

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7
Q

Types of Blood Vessels ?

A

(mainly 3 type )
📌 Artery
📌 Vein
📌 Capillaries

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8
Q

The blood vessel which carry Oxygenated Blood / Pure Blood is known as ______ ?

A

Artery

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9
Q

What is Artery ?

A

The blood vessel which carry Oxygenated Blood Or Pure Blood.

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10
Q

what is Arteriole ?

A

A small branch of the Artery

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11
Q

A small branch of Artery is known as _____ ?

A

Arteriole

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12
Q

what is Vein ?

A

The blood vessel which carry De-Oxygenated Blood Or Impure Blood.

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13
Q

The blood vessel which carry deoxygenated blood Or impure blood ?

A

Vein

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14
Q

A small branch of the Vein is known as ______?

A

Venule

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15
Q

what is capillaries ?

A

The walled blood vessel which lay in closed contact with cell.
Exchange of gases and nutrients takeplace between the cells and the capillary blood.

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16
Q

Function of capillary ?

A

📌The primary function of capillaries is the exchange of materials Between the Blood and Tissue cells.

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17
Q

What is Heart ?

A

It is a hollow muscular organ .which has the size of the clenched fist .It is situated in thr Thorasic cavity in the media stinum. But the conical apexof the heart is located in the left 5th interior coastal space medial to the mid clavical line. All the beating of heart is felt maximum. which is known as the Apex beat.

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18
Q

The heart is enclosed / covered by a double layered membrane is known as _____ ?

A

Pericardium

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19
Q

Pericardium consists of an outer layer is known as ______ ?

A

Parietal Pericardium Inner visceral Pericardium

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20
Q

The space between Parietal pericardium and Visceral Pericardium layer is known as ______ ?

A

Pericardial Cavity.

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21
Q

Heart is protected by _____ ?

A

Pericardium

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22
Q

which are the 3 Layers of Heart ?

A

Epicardium , Myocardium, Endocardium .

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23
Q

Outer Layer of Heart is Known as _____ ?

A

Epicardium

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24
Q

Middle Layer of Heart is ____ ?

A

Myocardium

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25
Inner Layer of Heart is _____ ?
Endocardium ( Endocardium lying the valves and septa of the heart ).
26
Name the 4 Chambers of Heart ?
1. Right Atrium 2.Right Ventricle 3.Left Atrium 4.Left Ventricle
27
Upper two Chambers of heart is ___ ?
Atria ie, Right atrium and left atrium
28
The lower two Chambers of heart is _____ ?
Right and left Ventricles
29
Valves of Heart ?
Atrio Ventricular Valves / AV Valves Tricuspid Valve ( Right AV Valves ) Mitral / Bicuspid Valve check pdf
30
Tricuspid Valve situated between _____ ?
Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
31
Mitral / Bicuspid Valve situated between _____ ?
Left Atrium and Left Ventricle
32
Physiology of Heart
START
33
The largest Vein in the Body ?
Inferior Vena Cava
34
The large Veins known as _____ ?
SVC / Superior Vene Cava And IVC / Inferior Vene Cava
35
what is Superior Venecava ?
The superior vena cava carries blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest. upper part of body
36
what is Inferior Venecava ?
That carry de-oxygenated blood Or impure blood to the right atrium.
37
inferior venecava carry blood from ?
The inferior vena cava carries blood from the legs, feet, and organs in the abdomen and pelvis
38
Only artery which carry De-oxygenated blood from Lungs ______ ?
Pulmonary Artery
39
Largest and strongest Chamber of Heart ?
Left Ventricle
40
Largest Artery in Body ?
Aorta
41
Largest and strongest chamber of heart ?
Left Ventricle
42
Congestive Heart Failure OR CHF ?
The heart is unable to pump out sufficient amount of blood . The main symptom is PND ( Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea ).Left side heart failure lead to pulmonary edema.
43
The heart unable to pump out sufficient amount of blood is known as ______ ?
Congestive Heart Failure ( CHF )
44
congestive heart failure symptom ?
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea ( PND ). suddenly occuring shortness of breath at night.
45
Raynauds Phenomena ?
Decreased blood flow to fingers or extremites.
46
Blood vessel Aneurysm ?
Local widening or ballooning of blood vessel
47
Defibrillation ?
Give external current
48
Hematoemisis ?
Blood spitting
49
Epistasis ?
Narrowing of blood vessels.
50
Extracorporeal circulation ECC ?
circulation outside the body with artificial heart lung machine
51
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Coarctation of Aorta ?
Narrowing of the Aorta
52
Patent ductus arteriosus ?
Ductus Arteriosus act like a connecting bridge Between Aorta and Pulmonary artery. Normally this connection closes within a few hours after birth, to stop the blood flow between aorta and pulmonary artery. But sometimes it does not close this condition is known as Patent Ductus Arteriosus.
53
patent meaning ?
Open connection
54
In this codition patent ductus arteriosus will remain patent or open even after birth is ______ ?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
55
Septal Defect ?
Holes in septa.
56
Atrial septal defect ASD ?
hole in the inter atrial septum
57
Ventricular septal Defect VSD
holes in the inter ventricular septum
58
Tetralogy of Fallot ?
It consists of 4 condion : 1. Pulmonary artery stenosis PAS 2. Right ventricular hypertrophy RVH 3. Ventricular septal defect VSD 4. shifting of aorta to the right / Aortic Displacement.
59
Transposition of Great Arteries TGA ?
In this condition the aorta arises from right ventricle and pulmonary artery from the left ventricle . this leads to cyanosis ( bluish discoloration skin )
60
Coronary Artery Disease CAD ?
Due to the accumulation of fat or cholestrol in the inner wall of coronary artery is damaged and Narrowing of artery occurs due to plaque build up. This leads to Atherosclerosis OR Hardening of the inner wall of artery. More and more fat deposit leads to arrest of blood flow or blockage /Ischemia .which leads to Necrosis of myocardial tissue known as myocardial Infarction OR Heart Attack
61
Atherosclerosis ?
Hardening of inner wall of artery
62
Ischemia ?
The blockage of artery cause a lack of oxygen to heart muscles
63
Myocardial Infarction / Heart Attack ?
sudden death of heart muscle due to loss of blood flow.
64
A particular type of chest pain is known as _______ ?
Angina Petoris
65
Palpitaion ?
increased heart rate with discomfort in chest
66
Deep Vein Thrombosis ? DVT
Deep vein thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in the Deep vein in legs.
67
CPT PROCEDURES Troponis OR Trop-T test ?
To measure the Troponin in blood . which increase myocardial infarction
68
Lipo Protein Test ?
Lipo protiens are combination of fat and protein. 2 groups of lipo proteins 1. High Density Lipo protien/HDL 2. Low Density Lipo protein/LDL 3. Very Low Density Lipo protein
69
Very low density lipo proteins will increase __________ ?
Blood Cholestrol Level
70
Holter Monitering Test ?
It is an ambulatory ECG ie, Recording the variation in the electrical imbalance of the heart for 24 hours. simply saying : Recording of heart activity / Heart rate over 24 hours.
71
Doppler scan ?
It is a type of Ultra Sound which can show the velocity of the blood.
72
Duplex scan ?
it is a combination of Normal Ultra sound and doppler scan.
73
Thrombolytic Therapy ?
Use of drugs / medications to break up or dissolve blood clot. most commonly used drug for therapy is : tPA / Tissue Plasminogen Activator Or Streptokinase.are given to dissolve blood clot.
74
Arrhythmias ?
Abnormal heart rhythms
75
Types of Arrhythmias ?
1.Brady cardia ( Low heart rate : less than 60 beats / min.) 2.Tachy cardia (Fast heart rate : more than 100 beats / min.
76
Normal Heart rate ?
70 to 80 beats / min
77
Important Pulses?
Temporal pulses , carotid pulses , brachial pulses , radial pulses , femoral pulses , politeal pulses , ...
78
cardiac cycle duration ?
0.8 seconds
79
Contraction phase of heart known as ______ ?
Systole
80
Relaxation phase of heart is known as ______ ?
Diastole
81
'P' wave shows ?
Electro cardio graphy recording of the electrical activity of heart .ECG or EKG shows P waves Shows the atrial contraction
82
'QRS' complex shows ?
Ventricular Contraction / Systole
83
'T' waves shows ?
relaxation phase / Diastole
84
HEART SOUNDS S1 sound ?
produced by the closure of Atrio Ventricular valves at tbe begning of systole or at the ending of Diastole
85
S2 sound ?
produced by the closure of semilunar valves or at the begning of diastole or at the end of systole
86
S3 sound / Gallop sound ?
it is normal in Infants and Athletes but it is abnormal in adults
87
S4 sound ?
it is a abnormal / Pathological sound
88
Bruit ?
it is abnormal sound heard over blood vessels during Auscultation( stethascope )
89
Murmur ?
abnormal heart beat heard between normal heart beat when blood passes through damaged valves
90
Thrill ?
vibration felt on palpitation abd on chest over heart
91
Pulse ?
the beating of heart felt over peripheral blood vessels

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