cardiovascular system Flashcards by Janet Garcia

Q

Parts of the cardiovascular system

the heart is made up of

A

cardiac muscle and is split into 4 chambers

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Q

Parts of the cardiovascular system

what are the 4 heart chambers

A

upper chambers are the atria
lower chambers are the ventricles

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Q

Parts of the cardiovascular system

the atria and ventricles are attached to

A

veins and arteries that are connected to diff parts of the body

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Q

Parts of the cardiovascular system

one-way valves control the flow of blood

A

into and out of the chambers of the heart

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the cardiovascular system performs the vital functions of

A

transporting nutrients
hormones
wastes

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the closed circulatory system is a

A

double-loop system consisting of thick-walled arteries that transport blood away from the heart, thinner-walled veins that transport blood to the heart, and capillaries made of a single layer of endothelium that form a network that connect arteries to veins in tissues

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the open lymphatic system circulates and

A

filters interstitiual fluid between cells and eventually drains into the circulatory system

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the closed, double-loop system transports

A

blood and hormones

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

what are the 2 parts of the closed, double-loop system

A

pulmonary and systemic

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

pulmonary closed, double-loop carries

A

deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

systemic closed, double-loop carries

A

oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

the heart undergoes two cycles of contractions

A

systole
diastole

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

systole

A

indicated contraction of heart muscles

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

diastole

A

is relaxation of heart muscles

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

simplified overview of the heart cycle

A

the ventricles contract (ventricular systole)
causing the atrioventricular valves (including the mitral and tricuspid valves) to close; making a “lub” sound
subsequently the empty ventricles are filled by blood pushed out during atrial systole
at the same time, the semilunar valves in the aorta and pulmonary trunk close, preventing blood from falling back into the ventricles, making a “dub” sound and completing the “lub-dub” sound of the heart

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Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

ventricular contractions are controlled by a

Study These Flashcards

A

“pacemaker” called the “sinoatrial node”

Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

sinoatrial node function

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A

sends out eletrical signals

Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

what kind of walls do arteries have

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A

thick walls to withdtand the pressure of blood pumped by the heart

Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

what kind walls do veins have

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A

walls with a thinner muscle layer and larger lumen

Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

blood plasma contains

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A

nutrients
hormones
antibodies
and other immune proteins

Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

red blood cells contains

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A

hemoglobin

Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

hemoglobin

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A

transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and transport some of the carbon dioxide back to the lungs for removal

Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

where is the CO2 being used

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A

about 5%-7% of CO2 is dissolved in plasma
85% of CO2 is used to maintain acid-base or pH balance in the blood through the bicarbonate buffer system

after hemoglobin transports some CO2 back to the lungs for removal

Q

fucntions of the cardiovascular system

white blood cells are divided into 2 groups

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A

granulocytes: basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
agranulocytes: monocytes and lymphoctes

# fucntions of the cardiovascular system white blood cells defend against

pathogens

# fucntions of the cardiovascular system platelets are responsible

blood clotting

# fucntions of the cardiovascular system the open circulatory system's capillaries drain

interstatial fluid that fills the spaces between the cells and filter it through a system of lymph nodes that are enriched in lymphocytes and marcophages that provide surveillance by the immune system

# fucntions of the cardiovascular system what is lymph

plasma with the red blood cells removed

# fucntions of the cardiovascular system lymph eventually drains

into the large veins leading back to the heart

# fucntions of the cardiovascular system large numbers of leukocytes and lymphcytes are enriched in

lymph nodes where they monito and respond to foreign molecules washed into the system

# fucntions of the cardiovascular system typically lymph nodes are enriches in

oral nasal and genital regions where forgein entities enter the body

# general understanding of heart attack

# general understanding of stroke

# general understanding of aneurysms

# general understanding of atheroclerosis

# general understanding of arrhythmias

# general understanding of hypertension

# blood flow through the cardiovascular system 1. starts in the

left ventricle * **oxygenated** blood is pumped to the body * as it flows through arteries to capillaries, it transports **oxygen to tissues** and **picks up carbon dioxide**

# blood flow through the cardiovascular system 2. then the

deoxygenated blood * **returns to the heart through veins** * concentrated with CO2 * enters the heart through the right atrium and then flows into the right ventricle * **the right ventricle pumps the blood toward the lungs through arteries where it picks up oxygen and loses CO2** * then it returns to the heart through the left atrium using veins and starts the cycles again