endocrine system

Question 1

glands of the endocrine system

a gland is a specific type of organ that secretes

Answer 1

hormones into the blood to target and affect other organs

Question 2

glands of the endocrine system

the major glands in the endocrine system

Answer 2

pineal
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
thymus
adrenal

Question 3

glands of the endocrine system

organs contain endocrine tissue and produce hormones are the

Answer 3

pancreas and the ovaries or testes

Question 4

glands of the endocrine system

the hypothalamus is a part of the

Answer 4

brain involved in the endocrine system and it controls the pituitary gland that is below it

Question 5

glands of the endocrine system

the pineal gland is located in the middle of the

Answer 5

brain

Question 6

glands of the endocrine system

the thyroid and parathyroid glands are found in the

Answer 6

neck

Question 7

glands of the endocrine system

the adrenal glands are located on the top of each

Answer 7

kidney

Question 8

functions of the endocrine system

the endocrine system regulates many body functions by controlling the amount of

Answer 8

hormones released

Question 9

functions of the endocrine system

all body systems are regualted by the endocrine system in some way like

Answer 9

regualtion of blood production
appetite
reproduction
brain function
sleep cycle
electrolyte balance
growth
sexual development
response to stress and injury

Question 10

functions of the endocrine system

glands and organs secrete

Answer 10

hormones into the blood to be transported to target organs and tissues to control their function

an ex the pancreas releases the hormone insulin which signals cells to uptake sugar

Question 11

functions of the endocrine system

the pineal gland releases the hormone

Answer 11

melatonin which is involved in regulating sleep cycles

Question 12

functions of the endocrine system

endocrine glands produces hormones that have different

Answer 12

chemical structures

Question 13

functions of the endocrine system

lipid based hormones can enter a

Answer 13

cell and regulate DNA

Question 14

functions of the endocrine system

some non-polar, fat-soluble hormones such as

Answer 14

estrogen and progesterone are released in a pattern set by age and development and their effects are long-lasting

Question 15

functions of the endocrine system

reproductive hormones are responsible for

Answer 15

gamete production

for ex estrogen production increases at puberty and leads to the development of secondary sex characteristics

Question 16

functions of the endocrine system

other polar, water-soluble hormones such as

Answer 16

epinephrine are released in response to stress and their actions are short, lived

Question 17

functions of the endocrine system

hormone receptors on the cell membrane cause

Answer 17

cellular changes to regulate and control body functions

Question 18

functions of the endocrine system

when the adrenal glands secrete

Answer 18

epinephrine into the bloodstream, heart rate
blood pressure
muscle strength
metabolism
increase

this response is called “the fight-or-flight” response

Question 19

functions of the endocrine system

hormone imbalance can cause metabolic diseases like

Answer 19

diabetes
hyperthyroidism
gigantism

Question 20

functions of the endocrine system

for ex in people with hyperthyroidism the thyroid gland releases too much

Answer 20

thyroxine

this can lead to an increase in both weight loss and heartbeat

to diagnose doctors look for elevated levels of thyroxine in the blood

Question 21

functions of the endocrine system

gigantism occurs when the

Answer 21

pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone causing excessive growth

gigantism is too much GH in children, too much GH in adults is acromegaly

Question 22

functions of the endocrine system

hormone levels are often measured to determine if an

Answer 22

endocrine-related disease is present

Question 23

homeostasis

homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant

Answer 23

internal environment

it helps the cells to work as efficiently as possible

Question 24

homeostasis

most homeostatic mechanisms work through

Answer 24

feedback systems and they are mainly controlled by endocrine glands

feedback systems bring about physiological and behavioral changes, which help maintain the internal constancy

Question 25

# homeostasis ex of homeostasis

Answer 25

* maintaining the constant concentration of glucose in the blood, which is controlled by the hormones insulin and glucagon * maintaining the right amount of water in the blood which is under the control of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the pituitary gland

Question 26

# pos and neg feedback mechanisms positive feedback causes an

Answer 26

increase in the secretion of a hormone

Question 27

# pos and neg feedback mechanisms an ex of pos feedback is the secretion of the hormone

Answer 27

oxytocin ## Footnote during childbirth the cervical stretching from fetal pressure triggers a release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions that in turn cause the fetus to push against and stretch the cervix even more this pos feedback continues until the fetus is expelled through the cervix

Question 28

# pos and neg feedback mechanisms most hormone levels in the body are regulated through

Answer 28

neg feedback and are influenced by the production of a releasing hormone or an inhibiting hormone

Question 29

# pos and neg feedback mechanisms neg feedback helps to maintain

Answer 29

homeostasis ## Footnote the cells of the pancreas are able to adjust the amount of hormone they secrete in proportion to the amount of blood glucose they detect when the blood sugar levels are too high the beta cells of the pancreas release the hormone insulin this signals the cells to uptake sugar which lowers the blood sugar levels when blood glucose levels are too low alpha cells secrete a different hormone glucagon this hormone promotes the breakdown of glycogen which is stored in the liver and in muscle cells into glucose which raises blood sugar levels the hormone secretion is stopped when a homeostatic level of blood glucose is detected

Question 30

# the central nervous system and the endocrine system the nervous system is involved in rapid communication within the body as it detects

Answer 30

stimuli and coordinated responses quickly

Question 31

# the central nervous system and the endocrine system the endocrine system is generally involved with comparatively slower and more long-lasting responses to stimuli than the

Answer 31

nervous system

Question 32

# the central nervous system and the endocrine system the integration of the nervous system and the endocrine system is called the

Answer 32

activation of the neuroendocrine system

Question 33

# the central nervous system and the endocrine system ex of activation of the neuroendocrine system

Answer 33

the hypothalamus of the brain directs the activities of the pituitary gland certain biochemical levels send messages to the hypothalamus, which either stimilates or turns off messages to the pituitary gland which is located just below the brain specialized cells in the hypthalamus secrete hormones called "releasing hormones" or "inhibiting hormones" to the pituitary the pituitary gland then makes and sends specific hormones to target organs for ex the pituitary gland secretes FSH which functions in egg development in the ovaries

Question 34

# the central nervous system and the endocrine system another ex of activation of the neuroendocrine system

Answer 34

occurs in childbirth during labor the pressure of the fetus on the cervix sends signals through the nervous system to the hypothalamus which results in oxytocin being secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

Question 35

# practice problems which of the following best describes the kind of message sent in the endocrine system? a. electrical signals between axons b. chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream c. physical sensory signals received through the integumentary system d. audiovisual signals processed through the brain

Answer 35

b. chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream

Question 36

# practice problems which of the following structures secretes releasing hormones? a. hypothalamus b. pituitary c. pancreas d. liver

Answer 36

a. hypothalamus

Question 37

# practice problems which of the following is a function of the pineal gland? a. releasing growth hormone b. releasing melatonin c. releasing insulin and glucagon d. releasing luteinizing hormone

Answer 37

b. releasing melatonin

Question 38

# practice problems which of the following glands releases epinephrine during stress? a. hypothalamus b. adrenal glands c. pancreas d. pituitary gland

Answer 38

b. adrenal glands