Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are veins?

Answer 1

They return blood to the heart

Question 1

What are arteries?

Answer 1

They carry blood away from the heart

Question 2

What are capillaries?

Answer 2

they form a bed connecting the smallest arteries (arterioles) and veins (venuoles)

Question 3

What is the pulmonary system?

Answer 3

Blood to and from the lungs

Question 4

What is the systemic system?

Answer 4

blood to and from the rest of the body

Question 5

What are the parts of the pericardium?

Answer 5

heart, great vessels, visceral pericardium (epicardium), pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, connective tissue layer of the parietal pericardium, mediastinal pleura, sternopericardial ligament

Question 6

What is advenitia?

Answer 6

outermost connective tissue covering of an organ, vessel, or other structure

Question 7

what is the serosa?

Answer 7

a connective tissue layer that is covered by a simple squamous epithelium, a methothelial layer

Question 8

where is a serous parietal membrane?

Answer 8

the ones that line a wall of a cavity

Question 9

where is a visceral serous membrane?

Answer 9

the layer covering the organ or structure

Question 10

What do serous membranes secrete and where is it found?

Answer 10

serous fluids and its found in the space between the two layers

Question 11

What is the epicardium?

Answer 11

the visceral pericardium, consists of a mesothelium and an underlying layer of loose connective tissue

Question 12

What is the myocardium?

Answer 12

thick, contractile middle layer of heart wall, consists of concentric layers of cardiac muscle tissues, blood vessels, and nerves

Question 13

What is the endocardium?

Answer 13

the delicate inner layer of membranous endothelium and connective tissue

Question 14

What is in the right atrium?

Answer 14

cranial and caudal vena cava, right atrioventricular valve, right semilunar valve, pulmonary artery

Question 15

What are the three shunts of fetal circulation?

Answer 15

ductus venous, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale

Question 16

What is the umbilicus made up of?

Answer 16

four structures: two arteries, the umbilical vein, and the urachus. The latter structure allows urine to leave the fetal bladder for he mother’s system to detoxify and remove

Question 17

What is the ductus venosus?

Answer 17

oxygenated blood travels from the placenta via the umbilical vein and most of it bypasses the liver by way of ductus venosus

Question 18

What is the foramen ovale?

Answer 18

the foramen ovale is an opening between the two atria enabling blood to be directed into the systemic circulation thereby bypassing the lungs

Question 19

What is the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 19

the ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta and allows equivalent ventricular function in the fetus

Question 20

What are the best sites for venipuncture on animals?

Answer 20

• dog or cat – external jugular, cephalic vein, lateral saphenous vein
• large animals – external jugular
• cattle – tail vein = median caudal vein (also can take a pulse here)
• pig – jugular or ear vein