Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 1

• Epicardium (outer)
• Myocardium (middle)
• Endocardium (inner)

Question 2

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 2

• Fights infection
• Identify, destroy and remove pathogens
• Originate in bone marrow

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

• Connects arteries and venules
• One cell thick
• Where gas exchange takes place

Question 4

Thermoregulation

Answer 4

• Helps maintain thermal balance
• Occurs in vasodilation and constriction

Question 5

How are waste products removed?

Answer 5

1) Lactic acid carried from the tissues to the kidneys and liver
2) CO2 is carried from tissue to the lungs

Question 6

Functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 6

• Delivering oxygen and nutrients
• Removes waste products
• Thermoregulation

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

• Clots blood to prevent blood loss
• Disc shaped
• Made in the bone marrow

Question 8

Tricuspid valve

Answer 8

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 9

Veins

Answer 9

• Return blood to the heart
• Thin walls due to low pressure
• Large diameter

Question 10

Pulmonary semi-lunar valve

Answer 10

Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 11

Arteries

Answer 11

• Carry blood away from the heart
• Thick walls due to high pressure
• Small diameter
• Have elasticity

Question 12

Aortic semi-lunar valve

Answer 12

Between left ventricle and aorta

Question 13

Bicuspid valve

Answer 13

Between left atrium and left ventricle

Question 14

Plasma

Answer 14

• Transports nutrients like CO2, hormones and protein
• Maintains blood pressure and homeostasis
• Maintains blood volume

Question 15

Under what bone is the heart located?

Answer 15

The sternum

Question 16

What surrounds the outside of the heart?

Answer 16

The pericardium - a twin layered sac

Question 17

What is in between the pericardium and the heart?

Answer 17

Pericardial fluid

Question 18

What is pericardial fluid important to prevent?

Answer 18

Friction

Question 19

Right atrium

Answer 19

Supplies deoxygenated blood at low pressure to move the blood down to the right ventricle

Question 20

Right ventricle

Answer 20

Supplies deoxygenated blood at low pressure to move the blood to the lungs

Question 21

Left atrium

Answer 21

Supplies oxygenated blood at high pressure and moves blood to the left ventricle

Question 22

Left ventricle

Answer 22

Supplies oxygenated blood at high pressure and moves blood to the body

Question 23

How many layers do arteries and veins have?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

What are the 3 layers of arteries and veins?

Answer 24

• Tunica Externa
• Tunica Media
• Tunica Intima

Question 25

What is the Tunica externa?

Answer 25

The outermost layer of arteries and veins that are made of connective tissue

Question 26

What is the Tunica media?

Answer 26

The middle layer of arteries and veins and is made of elastic fibres

Question 27

What is the Tunica intima?

Answer 27

The innermost layer of arteries and veins and are made of a single layer of endothelium

Question 28

Definition of elasticity

Answer 28

Being able to stretch and then go back to the original position

Question 29

Definition of contractility

Answer 29

A measure of cardiac pump performance

Question 30

What are arterioles?

Answer 30

Smaller versions of arteries

Question 31

What are venules?

Answer 31

Smaller versions of veins

Question 32

What do arterioles do?

Answer 32

- Control blood distribution - Enable blood to pass to the capillary

Question 33

What protein do red blood cells contain?

Answer 33

Haemoglobin - gives the blood its colour

Question 34

What happens when 4 oxygens combine with haemoglobin?

Answer 34

It forms oxyhaemoglobin

Question 35

What are the 5 main functions of the CV system?

Answer 35

- Delivering oxygen and nutrients - Removing waste products - Thermoregulation - Fighting infection - Clotting blood

Question 36

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 36

The distribution of heat allowing us to maintain thermal balance

Question 37

Explain the function - Delivering oxygen and nutrients

Answer 37

- During exercise we need more oxygen and nutrients - When the CV system can't meet needs we will fatigue

Question 38

Explain the function - Removal of waste products

Answer 38

- Lactic acid is carried to the kidneys and liver - Carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs - If these aren't removed then fatigue will occr

Question 39

Explain the function - Thermoregulation

Answer 39

- Distribution and redistribution of heat - Help us to maintain thermal balance - Occurs in vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 40

Explain the function - Fighting infection

Answer 40

- The WBC are stored in the bone marrow and transported through the blood - Destroy pathogens and produce antibodies

Question 41

Where are the 'bundle of his' located?

Answer 41

In the septum that separates the ventricles

Question 42

Where are the purkinje fibres located?

Answer 42

In the walls of the ventricles

Question 43

What do purkinje fibres do?

Answer 43

Carry the impulse to ventricle walls, causing them to contract