cardiovascular system

Question 1

what makes up the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Heart , Blood Vessels, Blood

Question 2

what are 3 functions of the CV system?

Answer 2

• to supply oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
• carrying waste products from and away from the tissues = kidney or liver into urine
• distribution and redistribution of heat
• fighting infection
  -blood clotting

Question 3

what makes up red blood cells?

Answer 3

oxygen + haemoglobin = oxyhemoglobin
O2 + Hb

Question 4

what is the Bohr affect?

Answer 4

suggests when CO2 is present in the muscles the effectiveness of oxyhemoglobin decreases

Question 5

what is Haemoglobin? and what does it contain?

Answer 5

it is a protein found in red blood cells that attaches and carries oxygen around ur body.
it contains iron which gives the blood cells their Red colour

Question 6

what is a feature of red blood cells?

Answer 6

it has a Bioconvave shape

Question 7

give the measurements of the heart? and where it’s located?

Answer 7

12cm long, 9cm wide, 6cm thick
situated behind the sternum and lightly to the left

Question 8

what is the function of the heart?

Answer 8

it drives blood into and through the arteries to the tissues and working muscles in the body

Question 9

what happens when the body’s temperature falls

Answer 9

• Shiver (respiration causes the heat to be produced)
  -hairs stand up (erector muscles)
  -layer of heat above skin
• blood vessels vasoconstrict ( they go/sink towards the core)

Question 10

what happens when the body temperature risers?

Answer 10

-sweat
- hairs relax (erector muscles relax)
- blood vessels vasodilate (go towards the surface

Question 11

what is the temperature of the body

Answer 11

37 degrees

Question 12

after your body temperature regulates( homeostasis) after it falls, what happens to the heat?

Answer 12

the heat is obtained by the environment

Question 13

after your body temperature regulates( homeostasis) after it rises, what happens to the heat?

Answer 13

heat is lost to the environment

Question 14

during exercise what does the body demand and what’s it’s response?

Answer 14

the body demands more oxygen so the cv system responds to meet those demands eg, increased breathing/ heart rate

Question 15

what happens when the cv system can no longer meet the body’s demands during exercise!

Answer 15

muscle fatigue occurs and performance deteriorates

Question 16

what is the cardiac muscle responsible for?

Answer 16

contracting the heart and the pumping action. it must contact with enough force to supply the metabolic demands of the body

Question 17

where does the heart pump blood too?

Answer 17

arteries, tissues, working muscles,

Question 18

What is Vasoconstriction?

Answer 18

the direction of blood, lumin gets smaller, involuntary muscle contraction (survival tactics)

Question 19

what is vasodilation?

Answer 19

additional blood flow= blood can now be redirected, blood vessels in active muscles dilate, blood flow increases and increases energy to working muscles

Question 20

what is the innermost layer of the heart? and its characteristics?

Answer 20

Endocardium- thinnest later, keeps blood inside the heart

Question 21

what is the second layer of the heart and its characteristics

Answer 21

Myocardium- thickest layer, responsible for the hearts contractions, hearts muscle

Question 22

what is the outer layer of the heart and its characteristics

Answer 22

Pericardium- fluid filled sack that protects the heart from friction and the sternum

Question 23

what are valves?

Answer 23

fine cords which stop the blood from flowing back (back-flow). involuntary action.

Question 24

what are blood vessels?

Answer 24

channels that carry the blood throughout your body. they form a closed loop like a circuit, that begins and ends at your heart

Question 25

state the 5 different blood vessels. In Order (A,A,C,V,V)

Answer 25

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, veins

Question 26

what are venules

Answer 26

venules are tiny veins that don’t carry high pressurised blood

Question 27

what are capillaries

Answer 27

tiny books vessels that have thin walls, which oxygen and nutrients from the blood can move through

Question 28

what is the baseline membrane

Answer 28

provides scaffolding for the migration of cells- think pliable sheet like walls

Question 29

what is the Tunica intima

Answer 29

the inner layer surrounds the blood as it flows through your body, regulates blood pressure and prevents blood clots

Question 30

what is the tunica media

Answer 30

thickest layer and helps vessels vasodilator and vasoconstrict

Question 31

what is the tunica externa

Answer 31

the outer layer which is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients, removing waste and give the vessel structure + support

Question 32

What is the conorary Artery’s function

Answer 32

Supplies blood to the heart muscle. As the heart needs its own supply of oxygen

Question 33

What is the chordate tendineae

Answer 33

A fibrous connective tissue that holds valves in place while the heart is pumping blood and stops valves from collapsing in on themselves

Question 34

What is Thermogreulation

Answer 34

Maintains the bodies internal temperature of the body becomes too hot or too cold. It helps your body return to homeostasis which is a state of equilibrium.

Question 35

What does our blood contain

Answer 35

Plasma, buggy coat(leukocytes and plasma), erythrocytes

Question 36

What is the function of the bicuspid valve

Answer 36

Controls the flow of blood from, the left ventricle to the aorta

Question 37

What is the coronary artery function

Answer 37

To supply blood to the heart muscle

Question 38

what is the outermost layer of a blood vessel?

Answer 38

Baseline Membrane = provides scaffolding for migration of cells, a thin pliable sheet like cell and tissue, supports and acts as a platform for signalling

Question 39

what is the second layer of the blood vessel ?

Answer 39

Tunica Intima, it surrounds the blood as it flows through the vessel, Regulates the blood pressure, and prevents blood clots

Question 40

what is the third layer of the blood vessel

Answer 40

Tunica Media, Thickest layer, helps with vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 41

what is the outermost layer of the blood vessel?

Answer 41

Tunica Externa, responsible of delivering oxygen and nutrients, helps to remove waste, give the blood vessel structure and support

Question 42

what is the innermost layer of the heart called?

Answer 42

Endocardium, thinnest layer, keeps blood inside the heart

Question 43

what is the middle layer of the heart?

Answer 43

Myocardium, thickest layer, responsible for the hearts contractions (heart muscle)

Question 44

what is the outermost layer of the heart called?

Answer 44

Pericardium, fluid filled sack that protects the heart, protects it from frictions and the sturnum.

Question 45

Name the valves in order. (TMPA)

Answer 45

Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary valve, Mitral valve, Aortic valve

Question 46

where does the artery carry blood

Answer 46

Away from your heart

Question 47

Where do veins carry blood

Answer 47

Towards your heart

Question 48

where do capillaries carry blood

Answer 48

smallest vessel, connect arteries to veins