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1140 2 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

3 basic parts of the circulatory system

A

Heart
Blood
Blood vessels

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2
Q

Functions of cardiovascular system

A

Using blood to carry nutrients, oxygen, and other substances to cells in body
Aids healing of injuries
Removes waste products
+ blood vessels regulate body temperature
Produce/carry cells that defend against pathogens

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3
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

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4
Q

How does the blood flow through the heart (diagram)

A

Deoxygenated Blood enters through superior or inferior vena cava
Enters right atrium
Passes tricuspid value
Enters right ventricle
Goes up through pulmonary artery to left and right lungs for oxygenation
Blood enters back through left pulmonary veins
Enters left atrium
Passes mitral valve
Enters left ventricle
Exits heart through the aorta to the rest of the body

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5
Q

What is the heart rate

A

Rate which the heart beats
Is initiated by hearts electrical system

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6
Q

What is blood pressure

A

Measurement of the force exerted by the blood against the arterys walls
Recorded 2 ways

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7
Q

What is the heart

A

An organ that acts as a pump to push blood via blood vessels

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8
Q

Normal range of HR and BP

A

HR: 60 to 100 bpm
SBP: <120
DBP: <70

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9
Q

Diastolic vs Systolic BP

A

Ventricles relax vs ventricles contract

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10
Q

What does Blood consist of

A

blood cells and plasma (liquid portion)

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11
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells
Hemoglobin picks/releases oxygen
Changes from red to blue depending on how filled with oxygen it is

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12
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells
Protect body against infection

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13
Q

Platelets

A

Necessary for blood clotting

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14
Q

What observations do we make for cardiovascular system?

A

Skin colour
Skin temperature
Pulse
BP and oxygen saturation (depends on agency)

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15
Q

Arteries

A

Carry oxygen rich blood from the heart
Brunches are smaller arteries that carry blood to the body
Small brunches of arteries are called capillaries

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16
Q

Veins

A

Return dark red blood to the heart for oxygenation
2 mains veins
Inferior vena cava - from trunk and legs
Superior vena cava - from head and arms

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17
Q

Changes with aging

A

Weakened cardiac muscles
Arteries narrow and are less elastic
Heart therefore works harder and BP may be higher
May be decrease in blood volume

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18
Q

Plebitis

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A

Inflammation of the vein
S/s
Redness or warmth to area
Pain
Swelling
Burning

19
Q

Thrombus

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A

Blood clot that forms in a blood vessel
Can decrease or stop blood flow
Exercise prevents

20
Q

Arrhythmias

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A

Abnormal heart rhythm
Heartbeat skips or has extra beats
Severity varies
Can be treated with pacemaker

21
Q

Artificial pacemakers

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A

Medical devices implanted in body to regulate heartbeat
Goes through superior vena cara into right side of heart
Avoid magnetic fields
S/s of malfunctioning
Dizziness/fainting
Chest pain
Arrhythmias

22
Q

Ischemia

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A

Decrease in blood supply to area

23
Q

Atherosclerosis

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A

Thickening and narrowing of arteries
From plague build up in vessels
Includes CAD

24
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

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A

Coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked
Less o2/nutrients to heart muscle
Leads to angina pectoris and/or myocardial infarct

25
Hypertension (HTN)
High blood pressure from high force in pumping blood through vessels Must be elevated on 2 or more occasions Can cause damage to other organs
26
Risk factors of HTN and treatment
Lifestyle High sodium Age Family history Ethnicity Treat by low salt diet, medications, and change of lifestyle
27
Angina pectoris
Chest pain Result of decreased oxygen to heart muscle Caused usually by CAD or physical exertion
28
Angia pectoris s/s
pain tightness dizziness palpitations light headed SOB Treated with rest or nitroglycerin
29
When to get help for chest pain
When it is not relieved with rest or medications If it is not the clients usual pain
30
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Heart attack Caused by vessel occlusion (no blood flow) From arteries blocked by atherosclerosis, embolus (elsewhere in body), or valsalva
31
What to do during a heart attack
Call 911 and nurse Rest Remove tight/restricting clothes Try to calm client
32
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart does not pump efficiently, blood backs up and tissues become congested with fluid can be right or left sided heart failure, or both
33
right sided heart failure
blood backs up in veins s/s weight gain peripheral edema Jugular vein distention Decreased liver function Abdominal pain
34
left sided heart failure
Blood collects in lungs S/ S: Pulmonary (lung) congestion: dyspnea shows in productive, wet sounding cough
35
s/s and treatment of CHF
Weakness Confusion/behaviour changes Decreased kidney function = decreased urine output TX: Low sodium diet Medications Diuretics; medications to strengthen heart
36
hca role in clients with chf
Positioning for breathing diet plan Measure in and outs; daily weights activity and rest Encourage no smoking/alcohol Delegated tasks: - compression stockings - assist with medications - assist with oxygen - monitor for DVT or blood clots
37
why does fluid pool in legs
moving calf muscles helps to push blood back up veins Valves in leg veins may not work legs in dependent (lower) position also contribute to pooling
38
Orthostatic hypotension
Blood pools in legs or lower body Pumping action of heart may not be as efficient, cant compensate for gravity upon standing the insufficient blood/oxygen to brain causes dizziness
39
how does immobility affect the heart
Heart must work harder Less efficient Vessels narrower and less elastic Blood return to heart not as efficient (effects of pooling) Pooling may lead to thrombus formation
40
peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
Impaired circulation to the peripheries (ea limbs) Cause: atherosclerosis and diabetes S/S: Skin cool/cold to touch Cyanosis Decreased pulse fullness May experience pain or tingling
41
care strategies to PVD
May lead to vascular ulcers prevention and care same as pressure ulcers Elevate legs when sitting (improve blood return/decrease edema) Encourage walking Compression stockings (check scope) Report leg pain, can indicate thrombus
42
Risk factors for CAD
Lifestyle Hypertension, high cholesterol Age Gender Family history
43
Embolism
occurs when an embolus lodges in a blood vessel and blocks blood flow
44
Vasovagal
Vagus nerve on blood vessel brief loss of consciousness due to a drop in blood pressure or heart rate

1140 2 (10 decks)

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