urinary system Flashcards
(44 cards)
Function of Urinary System
Remove waste products from the body in the form of urine
Maintain water balance in the body
Structures of urinary system
Adrenal Glands
Kidneys
Renal Vessels
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Urinary meatus
Sphincter and pelvic floor muscles
Renal Vessels
Supply blood to and from kidneys
Renal artery supplies blood to kidney
Renal vein supplies blood from kidney to heart
Adrenal Glands
Help regulate amount of urine produced
Sit on top of the kidneys
Ureters
Tubes from kidney to bladder
Urine moves via peristalsis
Urinary Bladder
Collection container
Muscular, hollow organ
Urge to void when bladder approximately 250mL urine
Urethra & Urinary Meatus
Urethra:
Tube from bladder that leads outside of body
Men urethra is 8long
Female urethra is 1.2 long
Urinary Meatus:
Opening at very end of urethra
Sphincter & Pelvic Floor Muscles
allow voiding to occur when relaxed
Kidneys
Bilateral bean shaped organ
posterior, protected by lower edge of rib
cage
Function of the Kidney
Filtration system for blood
Regulate blood volume
Help regulate electrolyte and acid-base balance
Long-term regulation of BP
Produce a hormone called erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production)
Nephron
Basic filtering units of a kidney
Responsible for separating nutrients and minerals in blood from toxins and waste products
Each nephron has own blood supply, including two capillary regions
Glomerulus
knot of capillaries located in Bowman’s capsule
Blood moves through capillaries of glomerulus and some is filtered out into Bowman’s capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Filtered blood from Bowman`s capsule enter proximal convoluted tubule
Re-absorption of filtrate occurs by capillaries
Loop of Henle
filtrate from Proximal Convoluted tubule becomes narrow and makes a U-turn
u-turn called the loop of henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Filtrate from loop of Henle enter Distal Convoluted tubule
exit out of the COLLECTING DUCT
3 main steps of nephrons GTT
- Glomerular Filtration
- Tubular Reabsorption
- Tubular Secretion
Characteristics of Urine
Clear (when fresh)
Pale yellow, amber or straw coloured
Very little or no odour
average void 30cc/hr
Changes in urine are good indicator of changes in body
Abnormal Findings of Urine
1 Consistency:
Cloudy (when fresh), mucous, crystals
May be bc urine sitting in bladder too long, food, or medications
2 Odour:
Strong ammonia smell, concentrated or old urine
Foul smelling, possible infection
Sweet/fruity smell, possible acetone from fat metabolism
3 Colour:
red (bright/brick coloured), bleeding
Dark yellow, dehydration
Foods/medications may cause colour changes
4 Amount:
Out of proportion to intake
Average output of urine is 1500mL per 24 hours
what are some reasons for Increases in Urine Volume
Increased intake
Coffee, tea, alcohol, medications (diuretics)
Diabetes mellitus
Other hormone disorders
what are some reasons for decreases in Urine Volume
Decreased intake
Kidney disease
medications
Vomiting
Diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
Diarrhea
Hemorrhage
Possible Changes with Aging in urinary system
Decreased blood supply to kidneys, less volume to filter = less urine
Atrophy of kidneys, Less efficient filtrating once certain point reached
Decreased kidney function, Usually less urine or changed urine chemistry
what may Frequency, urgency, or nocturia be caused from
Muscle atrophy
Decreased fluid intake
Decreased bladder size
enlarged prostate (males)
what can happen with an enlarged prostate
Hard to start stream
Decreased force of stream
Incomplete emptying (retention)hanged urine chemistry
effects of immobility on urinary system
Urinary stasis (pooling)
incomplete emptying of bladder
Urinary incontinence
