Cardiovascular system

Question 1

The human heart is located within the thoracic
cavity, medially between the lungs in the space
known as

Answer 1

Mediastinum

Question 2

Receives deoxygenated blood
from the body through the superior and inferior
vena cava.

Answer 2

Right atrium

Question 3

Right ventricle

Answer 3

Pumps the deoxygenated
blood to the lungs through the pulmonary
artery for oxygenation.

Question 4

Receives oxygenated blood from
the lungs via the pulmonary veins.

Answer 4

Left atrium

Question 5

Pumps oxygenated blood to
the rest of the body through the aorta. It is the
strongest chamber due to its thicker muscular
walls

Answer 5

Left ventricle

Question 6

Between the right atrium and
right ventricle, prevents backflow into the right
atrium

Answer 6

Tricuspid valve

Question 7

Between the right ventricle
and pulmonary artery, prevents backflow into
the right ventricle

Answer 7

Pulmonary valve

Question 7

Between the left
atrium and left ventricle, prevents backflow
into the left atrium

Answer 7

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 7

Between the left ventricle and
aorta, prevents backflow into the left ventricle.

Answer 7

Aortic valve

Question 8

Carry deoxygenated blood from the body into the
right atrium

Answer 8

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 9

Transport deoxygenated
blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Answer 9

Pulmonary arteries

Question 10

Carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the left atrium

Answer 10

Pulmonary veins

Question 11

Distributes oxygenated blood from the
left ventricle to the rest of the body.

Answer 11

Aorta

Question 12

The inner lining of the heart
chambers

Answer 12

Endocardium

Question 12

The thick muscular layer
responsible for contractions

Answer 12

Myocardium

Question 12

Relays the
electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles

Answer 12

Atrioventricular node

Question 13

A double-layered membrane
that surrounds the heart, providing protection
and support.

Answer 13

Pericardium

Question 14

The heart’s natural pacemaker, located in the right atrium, generates electrical impulses that initiate the heartbeat

Answer 14

Sinoatrial node

Question 15

Conduct
electrical impulses throughout the ventricles,
ensuring synchronised contraction

Answer 15

Bundle of His and Purkinje fibers

Question 16

○ A closed system of the heart and blood
vessels
○ The heart pumps blood. Blood vessels allow
blood to circulate to all parts of the body.
○ The function of the cardiovascular system is to
deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove
carbon dioxide and other waste products.

Answer 16

Key functions of the heart

Question 16

What is the role of circulation in the body?

Answer 16

It is to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all cells
in the body and takes away wastes.

Question 17

Movement of blood from the heart, to the
lungs, and back to the heart

Answer 17

Pulmonary circulation

Question 18

Movement of blood from the heart to the rest
of the body, excluding the lungs.

Answer 18

Systemic circulation

Question 19

Movement of lymph from the tissues back into
the bloodstream.
○ It’s a vital part of the body’s immune system,
helping to drain excess fluid, absorb fats, and
fight infection

Answer 19

Lymphatic circulation

Question 20

3 different types of circulation

Answer 20

Pulmonary, systemic, and lymphatic

Question 21

carry blood away from your heart.

Answer 21

Arteries

Question 22

carry blood back toward your heart

Answer 22

Veins

Question 23

the smallest blood vessels, connect arteries and veins

Answer 23

Capillaries

Question 24

3 layers of arteries (thick walls)

Answer 24

Composed of three layers: the tunica intima (inner layer), tunica media (middle layer), and the tunica externa (outer layer).

Question 25

Has the same three-layer structure but with a thinner tunica media and a larger lumen (the hollow space within the vessel)

Answer 25

Veins (thinner walls compared to the thicker walls of arteries)

Question 26

Are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells, allowing for easy exchange of substances.

Answer 26

Capillaries

Question 27

Are small branches of arteries with a muscular wall that can constrict and dilate

Answer 27

Arterioles

Question 28

Small vessels that collect blood from capillaries and have thinner walls than arterioles

Answer 28

Venules

Question 29

carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart (except for the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs).

Answer 29

Function of artery

Question 30

While the arteries carry oxygenated blood, the veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Answer 30

Function of vein

Question 31

The sites of exchange between blood and tissues, allowing oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and waste products to move between blood and cells

Answer 31

Function of capillaries

Question 32

Regulate blood flow into capillary beds by adjusting their diameter, which helps control blood pressure and distribution of blood to different tissues.

Answer 32

Function of arterioles

Question 33

Transport deoxygenated blood from capillaries to veins, beginning the process of returning blood to the heart

Answer 33

Function of venules

Question 34

carry deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.

Answer 34

Pulmonary arteries

Question 35

Pulmonary veins

Answer 35

bring oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left side of the heart.

Question 36

supply blood to the heart muscle itself

Answer 36

Coronary arteries

Question 37

drain deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle

Answer 37

Coronary veins

Question 38

Essence of life, transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues. It regulates pH as well as fluid and ion balance.

Answer 38

Blood

Question 39

2 main components of blood

Answer 39

plasma, and formed elements.

Question 40

It maintains Osmotic pressure, involved in immunity, prevents blood loss, and transports molecules.

Answer 40

Plasma

Question 41

The formed elements are cells (RBC and WBC) and cell fragments (platelets)

Answer 41

FOrmed elements

Question 42

- is a continuous process that produces formed elements

Answer 42

Hematopoiesis