Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Comment on the shape of the heat at birth

Answer 1

It is transverse and appears large in proportion to the diameter of the chest cavity

Question 2

Between what age does the heart acquire its adult shape and weight

Answer 2

Puberty to 25 years old

Question 3

In adults the shape of the heart tends to resemble that of

Answer 3

The chest

Question 4

The heart is approximately the size of

Answer 4

Your fist

Question 5

What is the size of the average human heart?

Answer 5

14 cm by 9 cm

Question 6

Where does the heart lie?

Answer 6

In the mediastinum under the sternum

Question 7

Where does its apex extend to?

Answer 7

The fifth intercostal space

Question 8

Location anteriorly and posteriorly

Answer 8

Anterior to vertebral column and posterior to the sternum

Question 9

Which points of attachment of the ribs is the heart located?

Answer 9

Attachment 2 to 6

Question 10

Hearts mass

Answer 10

2/3 is on the Left of the midline and 1/3 is to the right of the midline

Question 11

Where is the mediastinum located?

Answer 11

Medial portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs

Question 12

The mediastinum contains

Answer 12

Trachea, esophagus, thymus gland and the heart and greater blood vessels

Question 13

The outer covering of the wall is the

Answer 13

Pericardium

Question 14

What are the two layers of the pericardium

Answer 14

Fibrous - tough loose fitting sac and serous- parietal layer lies in inside the fibrous pericardium, visceral layer covers the outside of the heart

Question 15

What is the pericardial space?

Answer 15

Lies between parietal and visceral layers and contains 10-15 ml of pericardial fluid

Question 16

Functions of heart coverings

Answer 16

Anchors the heart, prevent overfilling and protection against friction

Question 17

Epicardium is

Answer 17

A visceral layer of serous pericardium taht contains connective tissue and epithelium along with lymph capillaries, blood and coronary arteries

Question 18

Myocardium

Answer 18

Cardiac muscle tissue forming the bulk of the heart

Question 19

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 19

It is interconnected, criss crossing, intertwining layer of connective tissue.

Question 20

Endocardium is

Answer 20

Inner myocardial surface and is made up
Of connective tissue and epithelium and is continuous with the epithelium of the major vessels of the heart

Question 21

Which layer contains the purkjnie fibers?

Answer 21

Endocardium

Question 22

Vessels that return blood to the heart are:

Answer 22

Right and left pulmonary veins and inferior and superior vena cava

Question 23

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Answer 23

Aorta
Fight and left pulmonary arteries

Question 24

What chambers are the receiving chambers of the heart?

Answer 24

Atria

Question 25

What does each atria have

Answer 25

Auricle and pectinate muscles

Question 26

Where does blood come from to the atria?

Answer 26

Right from vena Cavae Left from pulmonary vein

Question 27

What are ventricles?

Answer 27

Discharging chambers of the heart

Question 28

Muscles that mark the ventricles

Answer 28

Trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles

Question 29

How does the ventricles give blood ?

Answer 29

Right ventricle gives the pulmonary trunk and left ventricle gives aorta

Question 30

What causes the thickness of the chamber

Answer 30

The function

Question 31

Compare thickness of atria and ventricles

Answer 31

Atria - thin Ventricles are much thicker especially the left ventricle

Question 32

Skeleton of the heart

Answer 32

Connected rings serves as semi rigid support of heart valves and attachment of cardiac muscles of myocardium

Question 33

Where is the electrical barrier of the myocardium?

Answer 33

Atria and ventricles

Question 34

What is the role of heart valves?

Answer 34

Ensures unidirectional blood flow

Question 35

Where is the SV valve ?

Answer 35

Between Atria and ventricles

Question 36

What joins the AV valve to the papillary muscles

Answer 36

Chordate tendineae

Question 37

What valves prevent flow back into the ventricles

Answer 37

Semilunar

Question 38

Where do these semilunar valves lie?

Answer 38

Aortic semilunar lies between the left ventricle and the aorta Pulmonary semilunar valve is located between right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Question 39

What produces heart sounds ?

Answer 39

Vibrations in heart tissues as blood rapidly changes velocity.

Question 40

What is the sound ?

Answer 40

Lubb - dupp

Question 41

What causes the first sound lubb?

Answer 41

Closing of AV valve

Question 42

Ventricular systole

Answer 42

Contraction

Question 43

The second sound dupp is caused by the

Answer 43

Closeting of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves (diastole)

Question 44

What is coronary circulation?

Answer 44

Functional blood supply to the heart muscle itself.

Question 45

What does the inners mucosal cells release

Answer 45

Glycogen

Question 46

What neutralizes vaginal acidity?

Answer 46

Semen

Question 47

What is the uterus shaped like?

Answer 47

Pear

Question 48

Parts of the uterus

Answer 48

Body and cervix

Question 49

Circular recesss

Answer 49

Vaginal fornix

Question 50

Cervical canal that has a small opening called

Answer 50

Cervical is

Question 51

What is the bulging part of the uterus

Answer 51

Fundus

Question 52

How does the cervix point

Answer 52

Backwards and downwards joining at right angle

Question 53

Several ligaments such as

Answer 53

Posterior Anterior Two broad Two round Two uterosacral

Question 54

Three layers of the uterus 🕋🙃

Answer 54

Endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium

Question 55

Layer composed of compact spongy and basal layer

Answer 55

Endometrium

Question 56

What is the placenta?

Answer 56

Permits the exchange of materials between mother and child

Question 57

Where does the uterus lie

Answer 57

In upper free margins of broad ligaments

Question 58

Three divisions of uterine

Answer 58

Isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum

Question 59

Gametes

Answer 59

Oocytes and ovum

Question 60

Parts of ovary

Answer 60

Medulla consists of supporting connective tissue, blood vessel and nerve

Question 61

The cortex contains follicles at various stages

Answer 61

Have a oocyte and supporting follicular cells

Question 62

Mammary lobes is separated by

Answer 62

Septa

Question 63

Help support the breast

Answer 63

Suspensory ligaments

Question 64

Nipples are surrounded by

Answer 64

Areola

Question 65

What stimulates lactation?

Answer 65

Prolactin

Question 66

Ejection of milk

Answer 66

Oxytocin

Question 67

Primary sex organs

Answer 67

Gonads

Question 68

What is the urethra?

Answer 68

Terminal male duct which carries urine or semen to the outside

Question 69

Collateral routes?

Answer 69

Ensure that blood is delivered even if major vessels are occluded

Question 70

Blood enters coronary sinus to enter

Answer 70

Right atrium

Question 71

Autorthymic cells use

Answer 71

Calcium influx instead of sodium

Question 72

Cardiac muscles

Answer 72

They are striated, short, fat, branched and interconnected

Question 73

What anchors cardiac cells together

Answer 73

Intercalated dics and allows for free passage of ions

Question 74

What is the refractory period

Answer 74

250 ms

Question 75

What is the normal resting heart rate?

Answer 75

Less than 100 beats per minute normally 75

Question 76

Which node sets the pace of the heart beat?

Answer 76

SA

Question 77

AV node delays message by

Answer 77

0.1 second

Question 78

Conduction system of the heart component?

Answer 78

SA, AV nodes , AV bundle and sub endocardium Branches