Endocrine System

Question 1

How does the endocrine system communicate?

Answer 1

With cells with chemicals called hormones

Question 2

Role of hormones

Answer 2

Regulate metabolic processes in the body

Question 3

Describe their action?

Answer 3

It is precise and they only affect specific target cells

Question 4

The endocrine glands include

Answer 4

Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Hypathalamus
Pineal

Question 5

What mechanism do hormones use?

Answer 5

Lock and key mechanism

Question 6

Combined hormone actions

Answer 6

Antagonism, permissiveness and synergism

Question 7

Types of hormones

Answer 7

Sex
Tropic
Anabolic
Steroid
Non steroid

Question 8

Examples of steroid hormones

Answer 8

Cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

Question 9

What is the size of the pituitary gland?

Answer 9

1.2 - 1.5 cm (about 1/2 inch across)
Weighs 0.5 g

Question 10

Location of pituitary gland?

Answer 10

Located on the central part of the brain within the skull

Question 11

Two glands of the pituitary gland?

Answer 11

Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis

Question 12

What forms the major portions of the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 12

Pars anterior

Question 13

Cells in the adenohypophysis

Answer 13

Chromophobes- no stain
Acidophils stain with acids
Basophils stain with bases

Question 14

What does the anterior pituitary consists of?

Answer 14

Mostly epithelial tissue arranged around blood vessels and enclosed in a capsule is collagenous connective tissue.

Question 15

What is the purpose of the neurohypophysis

Answer 15

Storage and release of ADH and oxytocin

Question 16

What is the role of ADH?

Answer 16

prevents the formation of large volumes of urine and hence helps the body to save water. Causes a portion of each tubule in the kidney to reabsorb water from urine

Question 17

Oxytocin’s role in child birth

Answer 17

Contracting of muscles in the uterine wall and milk let down by forcing milk into ducts from milk glands

Question 18

Pineal gland shape

Answer 18

Pine nut shaped

Question 19

Location of pineal gland

Answer 19

Dorsal aspect of the brain’s diencephalon region

Question 20

Why is the pineal gland a member of the nervous system?

Answer 20

It receives visual stimuli

Question 21

What does the pineal gland secrete?

Answer 21

Melatonin - sleep

Question 22

What is the structure of the thyroid gland

Answer 22

Made up of two large lateral lobes and a narrow connecting isthmus

Question 23

What extends upward from the isthmus?

Answer 23

Pyramidal lobe

Question 24

What is the weight of the thyroid gland in adults?

Answer 24

30 g

Question 25

What is in the thyroid gland?

Answer 25

Follicles with hormone storing colloid

Question 26

Role of calcitonin

Answer 26

Decrease blood Ca 2+

Question 27

What kind of glands are in the posterior surface of the gland

Answer 27

4 or 5 parathyroid glands

Question 28

What is a antagonist to calcitonin and what does it act on

Answer 28

PTH, acts ok bone and kidney

Question 29

Where are adrenal glands located?

Answer 29

On top of the kidneys

Question 30

Two portions of adrenal gland

Answer 30

Cortex- endocrine tissue and medulla- neurosecretory tissue

Question 31

The adrenal cortex is composed of three distinct layers of secreting cells:

Answer 31

Zona glomerulosa Zona reticular is Zona fasiculata

Question 32

The adrenal medulla secretes

Answer 32

Epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream

Question 33

Weight of pancreas?

Answer 33

100 g

Question 34

Position of pancreas

Answer 34

A head of duodenum, behind stomach and touches the spleen

Question 35

The islet of pancreas contains five primary cells joined by junction

Answer 35

alpha, betta, epsilon, delta and pancreatic polypeptide

Question 36

HCG stimulates the

Answer 36

Corpus luteum

Question 37

Symptoms of hyper thyroidism

Answer 37

Large thyroid, heat intolerance, weight loss, diarrhea, tremor

Question 38

Hypothyroidism

Answer 38

Lethargy, amoung other